Luck v. Gregory

• Decision Date: 04 April 1932
• Docket Number: No. 175.,175.
• Citation: 241 N.W. 862,257 Mich. 562
• Parties: LUCK v. GREGORY.
• Court: Michigan Supreme Court

257 Mich. 562

241 N.W. 862

LUCK

v.GREGORY.

No. 175.

Supreme Court of Michigan.

April 4, 1932.

Appeal from Circuit Court, Jackson County; Benjamin Williams, Judge.

Action by Altheo Louise Luck against Chan B. Gregory. Judgment for plaintiff, and defendant appeals.

Reversed, and new trial ordered.

Argued before the Entire Bench.

BUTZEL, SHARPE, and FEAD, JJ., dissenting.

Richard Price, of Jackson, for appellant.

Bisbee, McKone, Wilson & King, of Jackson, for appellee.

POTTER, J.

Plaintiff sued defendant to recover claimed damages resulting from defendant's alleged negligent operation of his automobile. From a judgment for plaintiff of $550, defendant appeals. July 27, 1928, defendant was driving westerly in an automobile in Michigan trunk line highway, M-60. Plaintiff was riding in an automobile going east on the same highway. Plaintiff alleges defendant was negligent, in driving at a careless and imprudent rate of speed, having due regard for traffic and other conditions; driving at a speed greater than would allow him to stop his automobile in the assured clear distance ahead; driving on the wrong side of the highway; failing to give the automobile in which plaintiff was riding at least half of the main-traveled portion of the highway; failing to have his automobile under control; negligently driving his automobile against that in which plaintiff was riding; failing to drive his automobile with due regard to the safety of plaintiff; operating his automobile at an unlawful and immoderate rate of speed; driving his automobile in a wanton and willful manner on the highway and failing to stop his automobile before striking the automobile in which plaintiff was riding. Defendant pleaded the general issue. The pleadings gave little information as to the character of the collision or the manner in which it occurred. Much of the testimony is conflicting. Defendant claimed the driver of the automobile in which plaintiff was riding was negligent and that her negligence contributed to the injury. Just prior to the collision, between the two automoblies in which plaintiff was injured, defendant swung his automobile far over to the right side of the road, he says for the purpose of avoiding being hit by another automobile, so that the right hind wheel of his automobile was in a ditch on the right-hand side of the highway. The driver of the car in which plaintiff was riding saw this situation and that defendant was trying to get his car out of the ditch, and defendant claims she saw his predicament in time so she could have stopped, and in the exercise of due care should have stopped and avoided the collision. Plaintiff claims that defendant, in order to get out of the ditch, cramped his car to the left so that, when the hind wheels of his automobile gained traction, it went across the center of the highway onto the left side thereof and into the right of way on which the plaintiff was riding, causing the collision.

There is no question but what just prior to the collision with the car in which plaintiff was riding, defendant's car was in a place of danger from which defendant was seeking to extricate himself. The trial court charged the jury as follows:

‘I charge you that when one is confronted with sudden peril, he is not required to exercise the coolness of judgment and care that a person would who was not confronted with danger, and is only required to act with that degree of care which an ordinarily prudent person would exercise if placed in such a position. To put it in another way; one who is suddenly put in peril is not imperatively required to do that which after the peril is ended it is seen he might have done and escaped. The law makes allowance for the fright and lack of coolness of judgment incident to such peril or danger.

‘If either the plaintiff herself, Miss Luck, or the driver of the car in which she was riding, Miss Meyers, were negligent in anything they did or omitted to do after they saw the defendant's car bouncing and zigzagging along the side of the road, and such negligence contributed to bringing about this accident, the plaintiff cannot recover.

‘An adult person such as the plaintiff in this case, riding in a private car, cannot recover for injuries growing out of an accident to which the negligence of the driver of the car contributed, because in such a case the negligence of the driver of the car is imputed to the plaintiff who was riding with her.

‘Even if you believe that Miss Meyers, the driver of the Chevrolet car, was on her own side of the road, that would not excuse her in driving forward if in doing so an ordinarily prudent person would understand and know that there was danger of coming into collision with the defendant's car.

‘If you believe from the evidence that Miss Meyers, the driver of the Chevrolet car, in the exercise of reasonable care could have seen defendant's position in the road in time to have stopped her car and avoided the collision, but did not see the defendant's car until she got so close to it that she could not stop, then I charge you that she was guilty of negligence and the plaintiff in this case cannot recover, and your verdict should be for the defendant.

‘So far as the duty imposed upon Miss Meyers and the plaintiff who was driving with her is concerned, it is of no consequence whether Mr. Gregory was forced over to the side of the road and got his car partly in the ditch through the negligence of Charles Luck, or got there through some other cause or circumstance. Miss Meyers and the plaintiff were bound to heed the situation as they saw it, if they did see it, and to conduct themselves as an ordinarily prudent person would under the circumstances.’

This was a correct statement of the law. Schnurr v. Railway, 222 Mich. 591, 193 N. W. 772;Gibbard v. Cursan, 225 Mich. 311, 196 N. W. 398;Myler v. Bentley, 226 Mich. 384, 197 N. W. 521;Bacon v. McKay, 227 Mich. 667, 199 N. W. 613; Donker v. Powers, 230 Mich. 237, 202 N. W. 989;Nagi v. D. U. R., 231 Mich. 452, 204 N. W. 126.

After the jury had deliberated for some time, they came back into court and submitted a question in writing to the court as follows: ‘Did you make the statement in your charge to the jury, that a man in danger or peril was not to be judged as one not so exposed, or if a person in peril would be held accountable for being on the wrong side of the road as one would be under ordinary circumstances?’

The court again charged the jury in relation to this question and, among other things, said: ‘Now, if Mr. Gregory got in that position, if you find that it was an emergency, and he was in a place of danger, and you find that he got there by reason of his own negligence, then I will qualify the statements which I have made by saying in that event he would not be entitled to the benefit of that doctrine. But on the other hand, if you find from the testimony in the case that he got there without negligence on his part, but through the negligence of someone else, as for instance, the driver of the Maxwell car, Mr. Charles Luck, then the rule would apply.’

Under the circumstances it was entirely immaterial how the defendant got into a place of danger if he was in one. The situation as to the rights and duties of plaintiff and defendant were the same whether he was at fault or not, in getting the rear wheel of his automobile off the traveled portion of the road.

Defendant was in a place of danger after the rear wheel of his car went off the pavement into the ditch. Plaintiff claimed his getting in this position was due to his own negligence. When the rear wheel of defendant's automobile slid into the ditch, he could have stopped, let his automobile stay there, and gone to get a ‘wrecker’ or other assistance, to bring the automobile back on to the pavement. Had he done this, and a collision had occurred while he was...