O'MALLEY v. Cover

• Decision Date: 05 April 1955
• Docket Number: No. 15104.,15104.
• Citation: 221 F.2d 156
• Parties: George W. O'MALLEY, Collector of Internal Revenue for the District of Nebraska, Appellant, v. Noel COVER, Appellee.
• Court: U.S. Court of Appeals — Eighth Circuit

221 F.2d 156 (1955)

George W. O'MALLEY, Collector of Internal Revenue for the District of Nebraska, Appellant, v. Noel COVER, Appellee.

No. 15104.

United States Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit.

April 5, 1955.

Melva M. Graney, Sp. Asst. to the Atty. Gen. (H. Brian Holland, Asst. Atty. Gen., Ellis N. Slack and Robert B. Ross, Sp. Assts. to the Atty. Gen., and Donald R. Ross, U. S. Atty., Omaha, Neb., were on the brief), for appellant.

Robert H. Beatty, North Platte, Neb., and Paul A. Phillips, Omaha, Neb. (Raymond G. Young, Omaha, Neb., was with them on the brief), for appellee.

Before SANBORN, JOHNSEN and VOGEL, Circuit Judges.

SANBORN, Circuit Judge.

This is an appeal from a judgment for the plaintiff (appellee) entered upon the verdict of a jury in an action for the recovery of an alleged overpayment of income taxes for the year 1942. The defendant (appellant) asks that the judgment be reversed and that the District Court be directed to enter a judgment of dismissal or to grant a new trial.

The plaintiff was a farmer, rancher and cattle feeder who on December 31, 1942, bought from the Commodity Credit Corporation 33,750 bushels of "whole feed wheat" for $27,000, with the purpose in mind of feeding the wheat to cattle which he intended to buy in January of 1943. The price of cattle went up through January and February, 1943. The feed wheat had to be fed within 90 days. The plaintiff did not buy the cattle, and sold the wheat to Armour and Company for $27,000 in the spring of 1943, to be fed to sheep. He was feeding lambs for that Company in 1942 and 1943 under contract.

In his income tax return for the year 1942 the plaintiff took a deduction for the $27,000 paid for the wheat, as an ordinary and necessary expense of his business. In his income tax return for the year 1943 the plaintiff reported the $27,000 received for the wheat from Armour and Company as income. In June of 1949 the Commissioner of Internal Revenue disallowed the deduction of the $27,000 from 1942 income and adjusted the plaintiff's 1943 income by excluding that amount. This resulted in the assessment of a deficiency for the year 1942, which the plaintiff paid. A timely claim for refund was filed November 3, 1949. The plaintiff brought this action on August 9, 1951. The defendant in his answer denied that the plaintiff had been overassessed for income taxes for the year 1942.

The issue tried to the jury was whether the $27,000 paid by the plaintiff for the feed wheat in 1942 was an ordinary and necessary business expense, deductible under Section 23(a) (1) (A) of Title 26 U.S.C., 1940 Ed., Suppl. V; 26 U.S. C.A. § 23(a) (1) (A). The plaintiff asserted that it was, although concededly he did not have on December 31, 1942, and did not later procure, the cattle for which the feed was bought. The defendant's contention was that the expenditure of $27,000 for wheat to feed cattle which were never purchased was not deductible as an ordinary and necessary business expense.

At the close of the plaintiff's case, the defendant moved for a directed verdict on the ground that the evidence of the plaintiff showed that in 1942 he was not in the business of feeding cattle or in any business in which the grain purchased could be used. The court reserved its ruling on the motion. The defendant then proceeded to introduce his evidence, thereby waiving his motion for the direction of a verdict. Home Ins. Co. of New York v. Davila, 1 Cir., 212 F.2d 731, 733; Auto Transport, Inc., v. Potter, 8 Cir., 197 F.2d 907, 908; Capital Transp. Co. v. Compton, 8 Cir., 187 F.2d 844, 846; Boston Ins. Co. v. Fisher, 8 Cir., 185 F.2d 977, 978 and cases cited; H. F. Wilcox Oil & Gas Co. v. Skidmore, 8 Cir., 72 F.2d 748, 752; Washburn v. Douthit, 8 Cir., 73 F.2d 23, 24.

The defendant, at the close of all of the evidence, did not renew his motion for a directed verdict, but joined in a request that the court submit to the jury the following interrogatory: "Was the purchase of the 33,750 bushels of wheat by Mr. Cover for $27,000, on December 31, 1942, an ordinary and necessary business expense?" The court submitted the interrogatory to the jury, which answered it in the affirmative. The defendant four days later filed a motion for judgment notwithstanding the verdict. The court denied this motion, and entered judgment for the plaintiff in conformity with the verdict of the jury. This appeal followed.

In the defendant's brief, under "Statement of Points to be Urged," the following appears:

"A full statement of points relied upon by the appellant is set out on page 64 of the record. Inasmuch as the evidence clearly showed that taxpayer, who purchased the wheat for $27,000 on December 31, 1942, was not in the business of feeding cattle either in 1942 or in 1943, essential errors to be urged are (1) the District Court\'s failure to grant the Collector\'s motion for a directed verdict; (2) the erroneous instruction to the jury that intent to buy cattle was sufficient to support a deduction of an ordinary and necessary business expense under Section 23(a); and (3) the District Court\'s failure to grant the Collector\'s motion for judgment notwithstanding the verdict."

It is an ancient and familiar rule that an appellant is not entitled to a review of the sufficiency of the evidence to support a jury verdict unless, at the close of all the evidence taken at the trial, he moved the trial court to direct a verdict in his favor upon specifically stated grounds. Mansfield Hardwood Lumber Co. v. Horton, 8 Cir., 32 F.2d 851, 852-853; Ayers v. United States, 8 Cir., 58 F.2d 607, 608-609; United States v. Kaiser, 7 Cir., 138 F.2d 219, 220; Boston Ins. Co. v. Fisher, ...