Manjiyani v. I.N.S.

• Decision Date: 11 April 2003
• Docket Number: No. 01-70415.,01-70415.
• Parties: Yasmeen MANJIYANI, Petitioner, v. IMMIGRATION AND NATURALIZATION SERVICE, Respondent.
• Court: U.S. Court of Appeals — Ninth Circuit

324 F.3d 1138

Yasmeen MANJIYANI, Petitioner, v. IMMIGRATION AND NATURALIZATION SERVICE, Respondent.

No. 01-70415.

United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit.

Argued and Submitted June 13, 2002.

Filed April 11, 2003.

Timothy M. Greene, Law Offices of Greene & Lloyd, PLLC, Puyallup, WA, for the petitioner.

Mark C. Walters and Anh-Thu P. Mai, United States Department of Justice, Washington DC; Ronald E. LeFevre, Immigration and Naturalization Service, San Francisco, CA, for the respondent.

Donald A. Couvillon, Linda S. Wendtland, Office of Immigration Litigation, Washington, DC, for Respondent.

Before B. FLETCHER and GOULD, Circuit Judges, and MURGUIA, District Judge.¹

Opinion by Judge MURGIA; Dissent by Judge BETTY B. FLETCHER.

OPINION

MURGUIA, District Judge.

Petitioner, Yasmeen Manjiyani, petitions for review of the Board of Immigration Appeals' ("BIA") decision affirming the denial of her motion to reopen deportation proceedings. The issue before the Court is whether notice of the deportation hearing was sufficient where the notice was sent to the Petitioner's last address known to the Immigration Judge in Seattle, but was not sent to the last address known to INS in Los Angeles. We have jurisdiction pursuant to 8 U.S.C. § 1105a(a).² For the reasons given below, we deny the petition.

I. BACKGROUND

Manjiyani, a citizen of India, entered the United States on May 31, 1990 at New York, New York on a fraudulent B-2 visitors visa at the age of 24. In June, 1990, she married Faridali Manjiyani, a legal permanent resident, in New York City. Faridali Manjiyani filed a visa petition for his wife on May 4, 1992. This petition was approved on June 17, 1992, thereby recognizing Manjiyani as the spouse of a legalized permanent resident. Manjiyani currently is a homemaker with two small children.

The Manjiyanis moved to Yakima, Washington in September, 1992. On September 27, 1993, the INS office in Spokane, Washington served Manjiyani with an Order to Show Cause. Manjiyani acknowledged service of the Order by signing it and waived her right to an expedited hearing. The Order to Show Cause informed Manjiyani that there would be a deportation hearing and that she must notify the Immigration Judge in writing of any address changes.

In January, 1994, the Manjiyanis moved to Bellevue, Washington. Manjiyani filed a Form EOIR-33 Immigration Court Notice of Change of Address as directed in the Order to Show Cause. The EOIR-33 notified the Seattle Immigration Court of Manjiyani's new address.

In August, 1994, Manjiyani moved to Upland, California, and on January 9, 1996, Manjiyani began proceedings with INS in Los Angeles. Manjiyani's attorney forwarded to INS in Los Angeles Manjiyani's application to adjust status, application for employment authorization, application for waiver on ground of excludability, three checks for filing fees and a Form G-28 INS Notice of Appearance. All of these forms, except for the checks, contained Manjiyani's Upland, California address. The G-28 Notice of Appearance also contained Manjiyani's attorney's address. None of these forms indicated that Manjiyani was in deportation proceedings in Seattle.

On March 12, 1996, two and a half years after Manjiyani was served with the Order to Show Cause and two months after she began proceedings to adjust her status, INS filed the Order to Show Cause with the Seattle Immigration Court. On March 13, 1996, the Immigration Court sent a certified notice regarding a March 28, 1996 deportation hearing to Manjiyani at her former Yakima address. This notice was returned. On March 14, 1996, the Immigration Court apparently noted Manjiyani's change of address form and sent another certified notice to her at the Bellevue address regarding the March 28, 1996 hearing. This notice was returned on April 9, 1996. On March 28, 1996, another certified notice was sent to Manjiyani's Bellevue address regarding a rescheduled hearing for June 17, 1996. It was returned on April 8, 1996 with the notation "unknown."

On June 17, 1996, the Seattle Immigration Court held a hearing in absentia and Manjiyani was granted voluntary departure until July 17, 1996. The order of deportation was sent to Manjiyani at her former Bellevue address. Despite the deportation order, INS in Los Angeles continued to process Manjiyani's application for adjustment of status. Interviews were held on March 13, 1997 and September 16, 1997 at INS offices in Los Angeles.

Although it is unclear exactly when, sometime in early 2000, Manjiyani became aware of the deportation order. Manjiyani, through her attorney, forwarded a Motion to Reopen Deportation Proceedings to the Los Angeles Immigration Court. The Los Angeles Immigration Court returned the motion to reopen to Manjiyani's attorney indicating that jurisdiction over the motion was with the Seattle Immigration Court. The motion to reopen was then filed in the Seattle Immigration Court.

The Immigration Judge denied the motion to reopen on May 22, 2000. Manjiyani filed a Form EOIR-26 Notice of Appeal on June 19, 2000 to the BIA. On February 13, 2001, the BIA affirmed the Immigration Judge's decision.

II. STANDARD OF REVIEW

We review the BIA's denial of motions to reopen for abuse of discretion. See Garcia v. INS, 222 F.3d 1208, 1209 (9th Cir.2000). The BIA's determination of purely legal questions is reviewed de novo. See Singh v. INS, 213 F.3d 1050, 1052 (9th Cir.2000). Whether an immigration proceeding violates an alien's due process rights is a purely legal issue and is reviewed de novo. See Nazarova v. INS, 171 F.3d 478, 482 (7th Cir.1999). Factual findings are reviewed for substantial evidence. See Sharma v. INS, 89 F.3d 545, 547 (9th Cir.1996).

III. DISCUSSION

Manjiyani contends the Immigration Judge erred by denying her motion to reopen deportation proceedings because she did not receive the notice required by 8 U.S.C. § 1252b(a)(2).³

Due process requires that aliens in deportation proceedings receive a full and fair hearing and notice of that hearing. See Farhoud v. INS, 122 F.3d 794, 796 (9th Cir.1997). In order to satisfy the due process requirements, notice must be reasonably calculated to reach the interested parties. Id. This does not mean that an alien must actually receive notice in order to satisfy due process, but rather it requires that "service is conducted in a manner `reasonably calculated' to ensure that notice reaches the alien." Id. (citing United States v. Estrada-Trochez, 66 F.3d 733, 736 & 736 n. 1 (5th Cir.1995)). The Ninth Circuit has held that certified mail of a notice of deportation hearing satisfies the requirements of due process when it is sent to the petitioner's last known address as required by 8 U.S.C. § 1252b(a)(1)(F). Id.

The alien has the responsibility of notifying INS of any address changes. An alien in deportation proceedings "must provide the Attorney General immediately with a written record of any change of the alien's address or telephone number." 8 U.S.C. § 1252b(a)(1)(F)(ii) (emphasis added). The issue in this case is whether Manjiyani's filing of forms relating to her adjustment of status proceedings with INS in Los Angeles provided sufficient notice of her address change to the Attorney General. We hold that it did not.

The statute requires that the alien provide the "Attorney General" with "a written record" of a "change" to the alien's address. 8 U.S.C. § 1252b(a)(1)(F)(ii). Manjiyani did not comply with the requirements of § 1252b(a)(1)(F)(ii). She began proceedings with INS in Los Angeles to adjust her status. She filed numerous documents containing her current address in relation to the Los Angeles proceedings. Nowhere in the documents she filed with INS in Los Angeles did she indicate she was in deportation proceedings in Seattle, yet she now argues that the filing of those documents somehow triggered INS's obligation to advise the Seattle Immigration Court of her new California address.

We recognize that INS does have an obligation to maintain a centralized database of current addresses for aliens in deportation proceedings. Congress has explicitly put the responsibility of maintaining a central address system for aliens in deportation proceedings on INS. 8 U.S.C. § 1252b(a)(4). § 1252b(a)(4) provides:

Central Address Files

The Attorney General shall create a system to record and preserve on a timely basis notices of addresses and telephone numbers (and changes) provided under paragraph (1)(F).

INS' duty to maintain a central address file is only implicated when an alien provides notice of her address or address change as required by § 1252b(a)(1)(F). In this case INS never had a duty to update Manjiyani's address in the central address file because Manjiyani's mere filing of documents in Los Angeles, that contained her current address, was not sufficient written notice of a change of address for purposes of § 1252b(a)(1)(F)(ii).

The Eighth Circuit discussed the INS' obligation to maintain a central address file in Kamara v. INS, 149 F.3d 904, 906-07 (8th Cir.1998). Kamara was served with an Order to Show Cause in Inver Grove Heights, Minnesota. Id. at 905. She later moved to Maryland to live with her uncle. Id. Kamara's uncle, Tom Bendu, contacted INS in Arlington, Virginia to post a bond. Id. Bendu completed an "Obligor Information Sheet" which contained his address and telephone number. Id. at 907. He also told the INS clerk that Kamara would be living with him, and on the form the INS clerk wrote "$1,000.00 — address same." Id. Kamara never received notice of her deportation hearing and was ordered deported in absentia on March 10, 1993. Id. at 905.

The Eighth Circuit held that INS received written notice of Kamara's change of address and it was their responsibility to enter the new address into the central address file. Id. at 907. INS' failure to update Kamara's address resulted in the deportation hearing notice not being sent to Kamara's most recent address,...