Manning v. Trustees of Tufts College

• Decision Date: 30 January 1980
• Docket Number: No. 79-1444,79-1444
• Citation: 613 F.2d 1200
• Parties: 25 Fair Empl.Prac.Cas. 1111, 22 Empl. Prac. Dec. P 30,620 Diane T. MANNING, Plaintiff, Appellant, v. TRUSTEES OF TUFTS COLLEGE et al., Defendants, Appellees.
• Court: U.S. Court of Appeals — First Circuit

Page 1200

613 F.2d 1200

25 Fair Empl.Prac.Cas. 1111,

22 Empl. Prac. Dec. P 30,620

Diane T. MANNING, Plaintiff, Appellant, v. TRUSTEES OF TUFTS COLLEGE et al., Defendants, Appellees.

No. 79-1444.

United States Court of Appeals,

First Circuit.

Argued Oct. 4, 1979.

Decided Jan. 30, 1980.

Michael J. Barry, Boston, Mass., with whom Bernard Manning, Boston, Mass., was on brief, for plaintiff, appellant.

Danielle E. De Benedictis, Boston, Mass., with whom Phillips Axten and Nutter, McClennen & Fish, Boston, Mass., were on brief, for defendants, appellees.

Before COFFIN, Chief Judge, CAMPBELL, Circuit Judge, BONSAL, Senior District Judge ^*.

COFFIN, Chief Judge.

This is an appeal from the denial of a preliminary injunction. Plaintiff filed suit on August 14, 1979, claiming violation of her rights under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, as amended by the Equal Employment Opportunity Act of 1972, 42 U.S.C. § 2000e, Et seq., in that defendant university had sexually discriminated against her in denying her tenure. She sought the grant of interim relief to prevent the scheduled termination of her employment as an assistant professor in the Department of Education on August 31. After granting a temporary restraining order on August 15, the district court held an evidentiary hearing on the motion for a preliminary injunction on August 27. The court then denied plaintiff's motion, holding that she had failed to carry her burden of establishing probable success of proving the merits of her claim.

Plaintiff quickly filed notice of appeal and although we denied her motion for a stay pending appeal, we ordered an expedited appeal. However, shortly before oral argument, plaintiff moved in the district court pursuant to Fed.R.Civ.P. 60(b) to vacate the adverse order and to enter judgment for her on the grounds that defendants had wilfully withheld documents requested by her pursuant to Fed.R.Civ.P. 34. After oral argument we requested the district court on October 5 to rule on plaintiff's motion to vacate. On October 24, the district court held a hearing on this motion and on the following day denied the motion, finding no fraud or intentional concealment of documents. Plaintiff now appeals from this ruling also as we had contingently invited her to do on October 5. We now affirm both orders because we are convinced that the district court did not abuse its discretion in either ruling.

We must first address the issue of whether the district court had subject matter jurisdiction to entertain a motion for a preliminary injunction, under the 1972 amendments to Title VII, by a private party who has not received authorization to sue from the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC). The Supreme Court has not ruled on this issue and the lower courts are divided. ¹ This question was before this court in Hochstadt v. Worcester Foundation for Experimental Biology, 545 F.2d 222 (1st Cir. 1976), but was not answered because resolution was unnecessary to the disposition of the appeal. The court assumed that such jurisdiction existed and proceeded to affirm the denial of the preliminary injunction on the merits, Id. at 226. We follow the same course here. While the parties have briefed the issue on appeal, the district court made no findings of fact or law on the point, but seems to have assumed that such jurisdiction exists. The question is a difficult one, proper resolution of which requires a sensitive weighing of several facts that a "right to sue" letter from EEOC is a prerequisite to a court's assuming subject matter jurisdiction over the ultimate merits of a private Title VII suit, McDonnell Douglas Corp. v. Green, 411 U.S. 792, 798, 93 S.Ct. 1817, 36 L.Ed.2d 668 (1973), that Congress was silent on the question, and that a party may irreparably suffer the very damage Title VII was designed to prevent if a court cannot maintain the employment Status quo pending the usually lengthy EEOC investigation. We think we are justified in withholding decision on an issue of such importance to the administration of the Civil Rights Act when such judgment would have to be made without the aid of the district court and when it would not affect the outcome of the case before us. We shall assume therefore, without deciding, that the district court had jurisdiction to grant or deny the relief sought.

The district court denied plaintiff a preliminary injunction, holding that she had not demonstrated a sufficient likelihood of prevailing on the merits. The court found that plaintiff had not established that defendants' explanation for denial of tenure, viz, the doubtful quality of her scholarship, was a pretext for sexual discrimination.

Plaintiff faces a heavy burden in attempting to convince us to upset the judgment of the district court in this matter.

"In reviewing the granting or denial of a preliminary injunction, the standard is whether the district court abused its discretion. An appellate court's role is to decide whether the district court applied proper legal standards and whether there was reasonable support for its evaluation of factual questions." Hochstadt v. Worcester Foundation for Experimental Biology, supra, at 229 (citations omitted).

Here, plaintiff's principal argument on appeal is that the district court erred in not drawing the legal conclusion from the circumstantial evidence that the University's denial of tenure was prompted by illegal consideration of her sex. We have recently reaffirmed that the issue of whether a party was a victim of sex discrimination is a question of mixed law and fact subject to the clearly erroneous standard of review of Fed.R.Civ.P. 52(a), Sweeney v. Board of Trustees of Keene State College, 604 F.2d 106, 109 n. 2 (1st Cir. 1979). Thus, to prevail in her contention that the district court drew the wrong conclusion from the evidence before it, appellant must show that the district court's conclusion had no reasonable support.

Plaintiff assumed her position as assistant professor in the Department of Education at Tufts in September, 1975. At that time she already had earned a doctorate degree in education and possessed considerable teaching experience. The evidence tends to show that she performed well in various administrative posts at Tufts, achieving more significant results directing the department's "Learning Center" than had a male predecessor, although she was working with more limited resources. Under university procedures, plaintiff's tenure review was scheduled for the 1977-78 academic year. Plaintiff contended below that she was entitled under Tufts' rules to defer her tenure review, and that she attempted to do so. The district court, however, found that the university generally insisted on adherence to the timetable for tenure review and that the denial of a deferment in her case was not discriminatorily motivated. We find ample support in the record for the court's conclusion on this question.

In December, 1977, the tenured members of the Department of Education recommended plaintiff for tenure. This recommendation was then reviewed by a subcommittee of the Tenure and Probation Committee of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences. The subcommittee unanimously recommended plaintiff for tenure, although two members, Professors Fixler and Ounjian, harbored reservations about the depth of her scholarship. The question then came before the full Tenure and Promotion Committee, all but one of whom were male. The committee authorized Professor Fixler to request an outside expert confidentially to review plaintiff's publications. Upon application to the Dean of the Harvard School of Education, he was referred to Dr. Jeanne Chall, a woman expert in plaintiff's field. Plaintiff had earlier objected to the inclusion of Dr. Chall on a...