Marriage of Stevens, Matter of

• Decision Date: 20 August 1991
• Parties: In the Matter of the MARRIAGE OF Wade Alvin STEVENS, Respondent, and Teri Jo Stevens, Appellant. 15-87-00089; CA A65026.
• Court: Oregon Court of Appeals

Page 1334

810 P.2d 1334

107 Or.App. 137

In the Matter of the MARRIAGE OF Wade Alvin STEVENS, Respondent,

and

Teri Jo Stevens, Appellant.

15-87-00089; CA A65026.

Court of Appeals of Oregon.

Argued and Submitted Dec. 17, 1990.

Decided May 15, 1991.

Reconsideration Denied July 10, 1991.

Review Denied Aug. 20, 1991.

James C. Jagger, Eugene, argued the cause for appellant. With him on the brief was Jagger & Holland, P.C., Eugene.

Charles S. Spinner, Eugene, argued the cause and filed the brief for respondent.

Before BUTTLER, P.J., and ROSSMAN and De MUNIZ, JJ.

ROSSMAN, Judge.

In this custody proceeding, mother appeals the denial of her motion to transfer custody of the parties' two children from father to her. We reverse and remand.

When the marriage was dissolved in 1987, father was awarded custody of the children, and mother was ordered to pay child support. Mother did not appeal. In 1988, father sought a modification of support. His motion was granted, and the trial court entered an order increasing mother's monthly child support obligation. She did not appeal.

At the same time, mother sought a change in custody. When the parties agreed to seek counseling on the custody issue, the trial court dismissed mother's motion, and did not hold a hearing on that matter. In 1989, mother again moved to transfer custody of the children to her. A three-day trial was held, during which mother presented evidence and father cross-examined her witnesses. As a convenience, father was allowed to call several of his witnesses out of order; their testimony was presented during mother's portion of the trial. At the close of mother's case, father moved for a judgment of dismissal. Instead of responding to that motion, the court determined that it had heard enough evidence to rule on the issue of change of circumstances. It denied mother's motion to change custody and held that she had failed to establish a change of circumstances that warranted modification of the custody decree. That determination is the subject of this appeal. ¹

Several of mother's assignments of error stem from the court's refusal to consider evidence of events that took place before the dissolution. The moving party in a custody proceeding must show that circumstances relevant to either party's capacity to care for the children have substantially changed since the most recent custodial order. Ortiz and Ortiz, 310 Or. 644, 649, 801 P.2d 767 (1990); Birge and Birge, 34 Or.App. 581, 585, 579 P.2d 297 (1978). Here, the most recent custody determination was made as a part of the 1987 dissolution. Events that took place before that proceeding were inadmissible to establish a change of circumstances. ² Of course, in order for a judgment to be the starting point for a determination of subsequent change, a party must be allowed to show what the circumstances were at the time of that judgment. In this case, the trial court properly allowed evidence of the circumstances that existed at the time of the 1987 dissolution. It correctly excluded evidence of events that took place before the dissolution and were unknown to mother at that time; those events were not considered by the judge who made the custody decision.

The remainder of mother's assignments of error challenge the trial court's failure to consider evidence of events that took place after the dissolution but before the 1988 support modification. We agree that the court erred in limiting its consideration only to those events that occurred after the 1988 hearing, which did not involve the issue of custody and cannot be the starting place for evaluating a change of circumstances. Because the most recent determination regarding custody was made in 1987, when the parties' marriage was dissolved, the court should have considered evidence of changes since that time. Accordingly, the year between the dissolution and the child support hearing was subject to consideration. ³

Even without consideration of the excluded items, de novo review of the evidence that was considered by the trial court and was subject to father's cross-examination reveals a number of facts that are relevant to a change of circumstances. Since 1987, mother has remarried and returned to Oregon. She now lives near the children and is involved in their school activities. Her new husband enjoys an excellent relationship with them. She is employed in a job that allows her more time to be with the children. On several occasions, they have felt most comfortable confiding in mother about their health problems. Father's communication with mother is marked by hostility and suspicion, and he has been verbally abusive to mother...