Martinez v. Ashland Oil, Inc.

• Court: Wisconsin Court of Appeals
• Writing for the Court: Before SCOTT, C.J., BROWN, P.J., and NETTESHEIM; NETTESHEIM
• Citation: Martinez v. Ashland Oil, Inc., 132 Wis.2d 11, 390 N.W.2d 72 (Wis. App. 1986)
• Decision Date: 07 May 1986
• Docket Number: No. 85-1357,85-1357
• Parties: Donna MARTINEZ, Cecilio Martinez, a minor, and Donna Martinez, Personal Representative of the Estate of Cecilio Martinez, Plaintiffs-Appellants, St. Paul Fire & Marine Insurance Company, Plaintiff-Respondent, v. ASHLAND OIL, INC., a foreign corporation, Defendant.

Page 72

390 N.W.2d 72

132 Wis.2d 11

Donna MARTINEZ, Cecilio Martinez, a minor, and Donna Martinez, Personal Representative of the Estate of Cecilio Martinez, Plaintiffs-Appellants St. Paul Fire & Marine Insurance Company, Plaintiff-Respondent, v. ASHLAND OIL, INC., a foreign corporation, Defendant.

No. 85-1357.

Court of Appeals of Wisconsin.

Submitted on Briefs March 26, 1986.

Opinion Released May 7, 1986.

Opinion Filed May 7, 1986.

Richard A. Heilprin of Heilprin Law Offices, Madison, for plaintiffs-appellants.

Richard T. Mueller of Richard T. Mueller, S.C., Milwaukee, for plaintiff-respondent.

APPEAL from an order ¹ of the circuit court for Waukesha county: JOHN P. BUCKLEY, Judge. Affirmed.

Before SCOTT, C.J., BROWN, P.J., and NETTESHEIM, J NETTESHEIM, Judge.

The sole issue on appeal is whether a person who settles a third-party liability claim must be "made whole" under common-law subrogation principles before the worker's compensation insurance carrier, who paid primary death benefits, is entitled to reimbursement from the settlement proceeds under the distribution scheme set forth in sec. 102.29(1), Stats. We conclude that the trial court properly ruled that sec. 102.29(1) renders common-law subrogation principles inapplicable. We therefore affirm.

Cecilio Martinez was killed November 5, 1976 in an industrial accident at his place of employment. St. Paul Fire & Marine Insurance Company, the employer's worker's compensation insurance carrier, paid a primary death benefit of $56,413 to Donna Martinez, wife of Cecilio.

An action based on third-party liability under sec. 102.29, Stats., and on wrongful death under sec. 895.04, Stats., was commenced against Ashland Oil Company by Donna, as surviving spouse and as personal representative of the estate of Cecilio Martinez, and by Cecilio Martinez, a surviving child. The parties reached a settlement by which Ashland Oil agreed to pay $100,000 to the plaintiffs. St. Paul moved for distribution of the settlement proceeds pursuant to sec. 102.29(1). The plaintiffs objected, claiming that only after they were made whole was St. Paul entitled to payment on its subrogated interest. The trial court held that the distribution procedure set forth in sec. 102.29(1) supersedes common-law principles of subrogation and ordered that St. Paul be reimbursed $33,687.23.

Section 102.29(1), Stats., of the Worker's Compensation Act, allows commencement of an action against a third party even though a claim for compensation has been made against the employer. The statute also sets forth a distribution procedure for any settlement funds resulting from third party liability:

If notice is given as provided in this subsection, the liability of the tort-feasor shall be determined as to all parties having a right to make claim, and irrespective of whether or not all parties join in prosecuting such claim, the proceeds of such claim shall be divided as follows: After deducting the reasonable cost of collection, one-third of the remainder shall in any event be paid to the injured employe or the employe's personal representative or other person entitled to bring action. Out of the balance remaining, the employer or insurance carrier shall be reimbursed for all payments made by it, or which it may be obligated to make in the future, under this chapter.... Any balance remaining shall be paid to the employe or the employe's personal representative or other person entitled to bring action.

Sec. 102.29(1). The parties do not dispute that this statute applies, but they do disagree as to when it applies.

Donna argues that equity requires that she be made whole under Garrity v. Rural Mutual Insurance Co., 77 Wis.2d 537, 253 N.W.2d 512 (1977), and Rimes v. State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Co., 106 Wis.2d 263, 316 N.W.2d 348 (1982), before St. Paul has a right to reimbursement. St. Paul, on the other hand, argues that common-law principles of equity and subrogation are superseded here because the legislature has specifically provided reimbursement rights for worker's compensation insurance carriers in sec. 102.29(1), Stats. We agree with St. Paul's position.

We begin by noting that the Garrity and Rimes cases do not address the Worker's Compensation Act and the disbursement of funds under sec. 102.29(1), Stats. Our supreme court has recently stated that Garrity and Rimes "rest upon the application of equitable principles to a particular set of circumstances." Vogt v. Schroeder, 129 Wis.2d 3, 13, 383 N.W.2d 876, 880 (1986). The supreme court explained that "[t]he teaching of Garrity and Rimes is not the simplistic rule that is urged ... to be of universal application in all subrogation cases. Rather, it is that subrogation depends upon the application of equitable principles to the facts of the case." Id. at 15, 383 N.W.2d at 881. The court made it clear in Vogt, therefore, that the holdings of Garrity and Rimes do not apply in all subrogation cases.

The Worker's Compensation Act is a legislatively created substitute for the common law rather than a supplement thereto. Larson v. DILHR, 76 Wis.2d 595, 622, 252 N.W.2d 33, 46 (1977). Moreover, worker's compensation is wholly statutory and questions regarding public policy should be determined by the legislature, not the courts. Id. at 621, 252 N.W.2d at 45. See also Jadofsky v. Iowa Kemper Insurance Co., 120 Wis.2d 494, 497-98, 355 N.W.2d 550, 552 (Ct.App.1984); Jaeger Baking Co. v. Kretschmann, 96 Wis.2d 590, 602, 292 N.W.2d 622, 628 (1980). In addition, "worker's compensation laws constitute an all-pervasive legislative scheme which attempts to effect a compromise between the employer and the employee's competing interests." Mulder v. Acme-Cleveland Corp., 95 Wis.2d 173, 180, 290 N.W.2d 276, 279-80 (1980). Worker's compensation laws are economic regulations whereby the legislature has balanced competing societal interests. Id. at 180, 290 N.W.2d at 280.

We recognize that under common-law principles of subrogation, a subrogor must be made whole before the subrogee is entitled to reimbursement. See Garrity, 77 Wis.2d at 541-43, 253 N.W.2d at 514-15. However, given...