Max v. Northington, CASE NOS. 4:16-CV-172 (CDL)

• Decision Date: 27 October 2016
• Docket Number: CASE NOS. 4:16-CV-172 (CDL),4:16-CV-174 (CDL)
• Citation: 559 B.R. 542
• Parties: Title Max, Appellant, v. Jonathan Northington, Appellee. Title Max, Appellant, v. Gustavius A. Wilber, Appellee.
• Court: U.S. District Court — Middle District of Georgia

559 B.R. 542

Title Max, Appellant,

v.Jonathan Northington, Appellee.

Title Max, Appellant,

v.Gustavius A. Wilber, Appellee.

CASE NOS. 4:16-CV-172 (CDL)

4:16-CV-174 (CDL)

United States District Court, M.D. Georgia, Columbus Division.

Signed October 27, 2016

Jenny Martin Stansfield, Macon, GA, Stuart Walker, Martin Snow LLP, Macon, GA, for Appellant.

Brace W. Luquire, Columbus, GA, for Appellee.

ORDER

CLAY D. LAND, CHIEF U.S. DISTRICT COURT JUDGE

In these bankruptcy appeals, Appellant Title Max appeals the bankruptcy court's orders denying Title Max's motions for relief from stay. For the reasons set forth below, the Court affirms the bankruptcy court.

STANDARD OF REVIEW

“The district court in a bankruptcy appeal functions as an appellate court in reviewing the bankruptcy court's decision.” Williams v. EMC Mortg. Corp. (In re Williams ), 216 F.3d 1295, 1296 (11th Cir. 2000)

(per curiam). The Court must “review the bankruptcy court's factual findings for clear error and its legal conclusions de novo.” Fla. Agency for Health Care Admin. v. Bayou Shores SNF, LLC , (In re Bayou Shores SNF, LLC ), 828 F.3d 1297, 1304 (11th Cir. 2016).

FACTUAL BACKGROUND

I. Jonathan Northington

Northington entered a vehicle title pawn transaction with Title Max on August 27, 2015. Northington Mem. Op. 2, ECF No. 4 at 96-106 in 4:16-cv-172 or ECF No. 24 in Bankr. M.D. Ga. 15-40877. The transaction was a “pawn transaction” within the meaning of O.C.G.A. § 44–12–130(3)

. Id. Under the pawn transaction, Northington delivered the certificate of title on his 2006 Toyota Avalon to Title Max in exchange for a cash advance of $5,253. Id. The pawn transaction matured on September 26, 2015. Id. Under Georgia law, Northington had thirty days from that date—until October 26, 2015—to redeem the vehicle by paying the remaining balance of the principal, interest, and pawnshop charges. Id. On October 2, 2015, before the grace period expired, Northington filed a petition for bankruptcy protection under Chapter 13. Id. Under 11 U.S.C. § 108(b), Northington had sixty days from the petition date—until December 1, 2015—to redeem the vehicle. Id. at 2–3. Northington did not do so. Id. at 3. He is still in possession of the vehicle. Id.

Northington filed a Chapter 13 plan on October 2, 2015. Id. On his Schedule D, Northington listed Title Max as a creditor holding a secured claim in his vehicle. Id. at 6. The bankruptcy court confirmed the plan at a confirmation hearing held on December 21, 2015 and entered a confirmation order on January 22, 2016. Id. at 3. The confirmed plan proposed to pay Title Max as fully secured with five percent interest and payments of $160 per month on the $5,825 debt. Id. Title Max filed a Proof of Claim on February 8, 2015 claiming a secured claim in the amount of $5,846.95 with an annual interest rate of five percent, with the collateral being the vehicle. Id.

On January 8, 2016, after the confirmation hearing but before the confirmation order was entered, Title Max filed a motion for relief from the bankruptcy stay, arguing that the vehicle was not part of the bankruptcy estate because Northington did not redeem the vehicle within the grace period. The bankruptcy court held a hearing on Title Max's motion and considered the parties' briefing on the issue. The bankruptcy court entered an order and memorandum opinion denying Title Max's motion for relief from the stay. Title Max now appeals this ruling.

II. Gustavius Wilber

Wilber entered a vehicle title pawn transaction with Title Max on September 2, 2015. Wilber Mem. Op. 2, ECF No. 4 at 99-109 in 4:16-cv-174 or ECF No. 23 in Bankr. M.D. Ga. 15-40962. The transaction was a “pawn transaction” within the meaning of O.C.G.A. § 44–12–130(3)

. Id. Under the pawn transaction, Wilber delivered the certificate of title on his 2006 Dodge Charger to Title Max in exchange for a cash advance of $4,400. Id. The pawn transaction matured on October 2, 2015. Id. Under Georgia law, Wilber had thirty days from that date—until November 2, 2015—to redeem the vehicle by paying the remaining balance of the principal, interest, and pawnshop charges. Id. On October 30, 2015, before the grace period expired, Wilber filed a petition for bankruptcy protection under Chapter 13. Id. Under 11 U.S.C. § 108(b), Wilber had sixty days from the petition date—until December 29, 2015—to redeem the vehicle. Id. at 2–3. Wilber did not do so. Id. at 3. He is still in possession of the vehicle. Id.

Wilber filed a Chapter 13 plan on October 30, 2015. Id. On his Schedule D, Wilber listed Title Max as a creditor holding a secured claim in his vehicle. Id. at 6. Title Max filed a proof of claim on December 10, 2015 and amended it on January 4, 2016 claiming to have a secured claim in the amount of $5,477.44 with an annual interest rate of five percent, with the collateral being the vehicle. Id. at 3. The bankruptcy court confirmed the plan at a confirmation hearing held on January 21, 2015 and entered a confirmation order on February 9, 2016. Id. The confirmed plan proposed to pay Title Max as fully secured with five percent interest with payments of $175 per month on the $5,036 debt. Id.

On January 8, 2016, Title Max filed a motion for relief from the bankruptcy stay, arguing that the vehicle was not part of the bankruptcy estate because Wilber did not redeem the vehicle within the grace period. The bankruptcy court temporarily denied the motion but scheduled briefing on the issue. The bankruptcy court held a hearing on Title Max's motion and considered the parties' briefing on the issue. The bankruptcy court entered an order and memorandum opinion denying Title Max's motion for relief from the stay. Title Max now appeals this ruling.

DISCUSSION

The bankruptcy court concluded that the vehicles were property of the debtors' bankruptcy estates, that Title Max held secured claims to the vehicles that could be modified by each debtor through his Chapter 13 plan, that Title Max did not timely object to confirmation of the plans, and that Title Max is bound by the terms of the confirmed plans. Title Max argues, as it did before the bankruptcy court, that the vehicles were not part of the debtors' bankruptcy estates because the grace period for redeeming the vehicles expired before the debtors' plans were confirmed.¹ The bankruptcy court rejected this argument and found that because the vehicles were part of the debtors' estates when the debtors filed their Chapter 13 petitions, Title Max held secured claims in the vehicles that could be modified under 11 U.S.C. § 1322(b)(2)

. The Court agrees with the bankruptcy court's conclusion.

When Northington and Wilber filed their Chapter 13 petitions and their proposed Chapter 13 plans, each debtor still had title to his vehicle, subject to Title Max's lien and subject to losing the title if he did not redeem it within the redemption period. See O.C.G.A. § 44–14–403(a)

(“A pawnbroker shall have a lien on the pledged goods pawned for the money advanced, interest, and pawnshop charge owed but not for other debts due to him. He may retain possession of the pledged goods until his lien is satisfied and may have a right of action against anyone interfering therewith.”). Under Georgia law, if pledged goods are “not redeemed within the grace period,” they “shall be automatically forfeited to the pawnbroker by operation of this Code section, and any ownership interest of the pledgor or seller shall automatically be extinguished as regards the pledged item.” O.C.G.A. § 44–14–403(b)(3). Based on this language, the Court concludes that a pledgor's ownership interest in the pledged item is not extinguished until after the grace period expires. Here, each debtor filed his Chapter 13 petition before the grace period expired. Thus, neither debtor's interest in his vehicle was forfeited or extinguished before his petition date, so each debtor's vehicle belonged to the bankruptcy estate because the debtor still had an ownership interest. See 11 U.S.C. § 541(a)(1) (stating that the bankruptcy estate “is comprised of ... all legal or equitable interests of the debtor in property as of the commencement of the case”).

As of each debtor's petit ion date, Title Max had the right to be repaid pursuant to the title pawn agreements or to obtain full title to the vehicle if the required payments were not made. Thus, Title Max was a “creditor” with a “claim” against each debtor within the meaning of the bankruptcy code because Title Max held a lien on each debtor's vehicle “for the money advanced, interest, and pawnshop charge owed.” O.C.G.A. § 44–14–403(a)

; see 11 U.S.C. § 101(5)(A) (defining “claim” as a “right to payment, whether or not such right is reduced to judgment, liquidated, unliquidated, fixed, contingent, matured, unmatured, disputed, undisputed, legal, equitable, secured, or unsecured”); 11 U.S.C. § 101(10) (A) (defining “creditor” as an “entity that has a claim against the debtor that arose at the time of or before the order for relief concerning the debtor”); 11 U.S.C. § 102(2) (defining “claim against the debtor” as including a “claim against property of...