McAlphin v. Toney

• Decision Date: 20 February 2002
• Docket Number: No. 01-2016EA.,01-2016EA.
• Citation: 281 F.3d 709
• Parties: James McALPHIN, Appellant, v. R. TONEY, Warden, Varner Super Max. ADC; T. Brown, Grievance Officer, Varner Super Max. ADC; Ware, Dr., Varner Super Max. ADC; Erwin, Nurse, Varner Super Max. ADC; and Nettles, Nurse, Varner Super Max. ADC, Appellees.
• Court: U.S. Court of Appeals — Eighth Circuit

281 F.3d 709

James McALPHIN, Appellant, v. R. TONEY, Warden, Varner Super Max. ADC; T. Brown, Grievance Officer, Varner Super Max. ADC; Ware, Dr., Varner Super Max. ADC; Erwin, Nurse, Varner Super Max. ADC; and Nettles, Nurse, Varner Super Max. ADC, Appellees.

No. 01-2016EA.

United States Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit.

Submitted: December 14, 2001.

Filed: February 20, 2002.

James McAlphin, Grady, AR, pro se.

James R. Gowen, Jr., Searcy, AZ, for Plaintiff-Appellant.

Mark Lunsford Pryor, Ryan P. Blue, Attorney General's Office, Little Rock, AR, for Defendants-Appellees.

Before LOKEN, RICHARD S. ARNOLD, and BYE, Circuit Judges.

RICHARD S. ARNOLD, Circuit Judge.

This case is about the interpretation of 28 U.S.C. § 1915(g), commonly known as the "three strikes" provision. The question presented is whether plaintiff's complaint, considered merely as a matter of pleading, sufficiently alleged "imminent danger of serious physical injury" within the meaning of the statute. We hold that it did, and therefore reverse the order of the District Court, which dismissed the complaint before service of process.

The statute provides as follows:

In no event shall a prisoner bring a civil action or appeal a judgment in a civil action or proceeding under this section if the prisoner has, on 3 or more prior occasions, while incarcerated or detained in any facility, brought an action or appeal in a court of the United States that was dismissed on the grounds that it is frivolous, malicious, or fails to state a claim upon which relief may be granted, unless the prisoner is under imminent danger of serious physical injury.

28 U.S.C. § 1915(g). This provision was added by amendment in 1996. Act of April 26, 1996, Pub.L. No. 104-134, § 101(a), 110 Stat. 1321-73, 1321-74, 1321-75.

It is not contested that the plaintiff has had his "three strikes." As to "imminent danger of serious physical injury," the complaint alleges as follows (we set out the relevant portions of the pleading exactly as written by plaintiff, who filed pro se):

2. Plaintiff was placed in VSM (a half complete unit) [the reference is to Varner Super Max, a unit of the Arkansas Department of Correction] on September 13th, 2000. And although plaintiff medical file indicated he needed immediate dental extractions he was consistently denied this because there was no dental lab at VSM. Requests were ignored by defendants Toney and Ware.

* * * * * *

5. Plaintiffs gums became so infected he eventually had to undergo 5 extractions — two more then originally — on October 19, 2000 The situation was so painful to plaintiff during the denial, he attempted suicide.

6. Two of the extraction originally scheduled to over ½ year during which time decay spread. At time of this complaint those extractions had not been made and plaintiff is in imminent danger of serious physical injury because of spreading infection in the mouth.

7. Plaintiff herein was and is subjected to extreme pain and a deliberate indifference due to the delay in treatment and torcherous conditions imposed by defendants.

Appellee's Separate Appendix 11-12.

We are of course mindful of the rule that the well-pleaded allegations of a complaint must be taken as true before the complaint can be dismissed as insufficient on its face. E.g., Beck v. LaFleur, 257 F.3d 764, 765 (8th Cir.2001). The complaint in this case alleges that five extractions have already occurred, but, construed liberally in favor of the pleader, further alleges that two extractions originally scheduled have not occurred, and that plaintiff is in imminent danger of serious physical injury because of spreading infection in his mouth. We hold that this allegation is sufficient as a matter of law. (Indeed, defendants, who have filed a brief in this Court at our invitation, agree with this conclusion.)

Our case of Ashley v. Dilworth, 147 F.3d 715 (8th Cir.1998) (per curiam), is of some relevance here. In that case, the complaint was filed in 1997. It alleged that the plaintiff had first notified defendants in 1993 that he was in danger because of being placed near inmates on his "enemy list." In 1996, the complaint continued, the plaintiff actually was placed near an enemy and was stabbed. He warned defendants again in 1997 of his placement near listed enemies, and, later that year, he was stabbed again. The second stabbing incident occurred on June 28, 1997, and the complaint was filed in July of the same year. These allegations were held sufficient to charge not only past injury, but also "an ongoing danger...." Id. at 717. We emphasized that an allegation that a plaintiff had faced imminent danger in the past would be insufficient, but that a complaint is sufficient if it properly alleges that the plaintiff "is in imminent danger at the time of filing." Ibid. (emphasis in original). The present case is analogous. Plaintiff alleges five tooth extractions, unconstitutionally delayed, in the past, but he also alleges that he needs two more tooth extractions, that they are being delayed because of deliberate indifference to his serious medical needs, and that, as a consequence, an infection is spreading in his mouth. This allegation is sufficient. Accordingly, it was error for the District Court, before service, to dismiss this complaint without prejudice on the basis...