McFarland v. Pickett

• Decision Date: 22 November 1972
• Docket Number: No. 72-1421.,72-1421.
• Parties: Carl Harold McFARLAND, Petitioner-Appellant, v. G. W. PICKETT, Warden United States Penitentiary, Marion, Illinois, Respondent-Appellee.
• Court: U.S. Court of Appeals — Seventh Circuit

469 F.2d 1277 (1972)

Carl Harold McFARLAND, Petitioner-Appellant, v. G. W. PICKETT, Warden United States Penitentiary, Marion, Illinois, Respondent-Appellee.

No. 72-1421.

United States Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit.

Argued October 19, 1972.

Decided November 22, 1972.

Carl Harold McFarland, pro se.

Stanley B. Miller, U.S. Atty., William F. Thompson, Asst. U.S. Atty., Indianapolis, Ind., for respondent-appellee.

Before STEVENS and SPRECHER, Circuit Judges, and GORDON, District Judge.^*

PER CURIAM.

Petitioner pleaded guilty to three counts of an information. Count II charged him with engaging in the business of dealing in firearms without a license in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 922 (a) (1), and Counts III and IV charged him with concealing and storing stolen firearms moving in interstate commerce in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 922(j). Each of the latter two counts involved the concealment of a separate weapon. McFarland was sentenced to a maximum term of fifteen years on September 29, 1969. On January 20, 1970, petitioner's sentence was modified and he received a total of ten years, composed of five years on Count II, three years on Count III, and two years on Count IV. Petitioner then filed a motion to vacate sentence under 28 U.S.C. § 2255, alleging that the consecutive sentences imposed under Counts III and IV of the information were impermissible. The district court dismissed the motion and petitioner has appealed.

18 U.S.C. § 922(j) makes it unlawful "for any person to receive, conceal, store, barter, sell, or dispose of any stolen firearm or stolen ammunition, . . . which is a part of . . . interstate or foreign commerce, knowing or having reasonable cause to believe that the firearm or ammunition was stolen." Petitioner argues that under Bell v. United States, 349 U.S. 81, 75 S.Ct. 620, 99 L.Ed. 905 (1955), he could not receive multiple punishment for what was in effect only one offense. We agree.

Bell involved the validity of separate sentences imposed upon a plea of guilty to two counts charging the petitioner with violations of the Mann Act, 18 U.S.C. § 2421, the relevant portions of which state:

"Whoever knowingly transports in interstate or foreign commerce . . any woman or girl for the purpose of prostitution or debauchery, or for any other immoral purpose . . . .

"Shall be fined not more than $5,000 or imprisoned not more than five years, or both."

Bell's argument was that since he transported two women in the same vehicle on the same trip he could be convicted of only one offense. The Supreme Court agreed, stating that in the absence of an express Congressional intent to "fix the punishment for a federal offense clearly and without ambiguity, doubt will be resolved against turning a single transaction into multiple offenses . . ." Id. at 84, 75 S.Ct. at 622.

Bell was followed in United States v. Carty, 447 F.2d 964 (5th Cir. 1971), a case involving the legality of consecutive sentences for violation of 18 U.S.C. § 922(i), which makes illegal the interstate transportation of stolen firearms.

The defendant was found guilty under three counts, attributable to three separate weapons taken across a state line in a single trip. The Fifth Circuit found Bell controlling and held that the defendant could not be given a maximum sentence for all three counts which exceeded the penalty prescribed for a single violation.

The government would have us distinguish Carty and Bell on the ground that they involved interstate transportation rather than possession. No basis for the distinction is offered, however, and we are unable to see a distinguishing factor.

The government also argues that this case is controlled by Blockburger v. United States, 284 U.S. 299, 52 S.Ct. 180, 76 L.Ed. 306 (1932). Blockburger was convicted on three counts, each of which charged a sale of morphine to the same purchaser. The Supreme Court held that under the Acts in question, 26 U.S.C. § 692 and § 696,¹ each of several successive sales constituted a distinct offense. The evidence in that case clearly showed that each of the sales, and thus the offense, was distinct and separate.

In this case there is no evidence to show whether the two firearms were stored at the same or different locations or whether they were acquired at the same or different times. The government argues that evidence which might have shown that separate offenses were committed could have been adduced at trial and that petitioner therefore waived his right to contest the validity of separate convictions by his plea of guilty. Reliance is placed on cases such as United States v. Hetherington, 279 F.2d 792, 796 (7th Cir.), cert. denied, 364 U.S. 908, 81...