McGee v. Vermont Federal Bank, FSB

• Decision Date: 04 January 1999
• Docket Number: No. 97-409.,97-409.
• Citation: 726 A.2d 42
• Parties: Hugh McGEE and Morgan McGee v. VERMONT FEDERAL BANK, FSB.
• Court: Vermont Supreme Court

726 A.2d 42

Hugh McGEE and Morgan McGee v. VERMONT FEDERAL BANK, FSB.

No. 97-409.

Supreme Court of Vermont.

January 4, 1999.

Before AMESTOY, C.J., and DOOLEY, MORSE, JOHNSON and SKOGLUND, JJ.

ENTRY ORDER

Plaintiffs Hugh and Morgan McGee appeal from the superior court's decision granting defendant Vermont Federal Bank's motion for judgment on the pleadings pursuant to V.R.C.P. 12(b)(6). On appeal, the McGees claim that Vermont Federal Bank (Bank) breached a common law and fiduciary duty owed to them when it negligently misrepresented that the real property on which they had made multiple mortgage payments to the bank was covered by insurance. We affirm.

The McGees filed a complaint in the superior court alleging that from December 1994 through April 1996 a relationship developed between themselves and the Bank which created a duty on the part of the Bank to act with care and prudence towards them with respect to a mortgage on which they had made multiple payments. They alleged that the Bank breached a common law duty when it failed to notify them that insurance on the property was canceled. In addition, the McGees alleged that the Bank breached a fiduciary duty to them by failing to advise them of the status of the insurance coverage.

The Bank filed a motion for judgment on the pleadings, which the court granted, holding that, as a matter of law, the Bank's conduct did not constitute negligence because the Bank owed no duty to the McGees. The court denied the McGees' request for reconsideration, and the McGees appealed. On appeal, the McGees contend that the court's decision to dismiss their complaint constitutes an abuse of discretion.

We review a judgment on the pleadings by considering all the factual allegations in the pleadings of the nonmoving party and all reasonable inferences that can be drawn from them as true and allegations to the contrary by the moving party as false. See In re Estate of Gorton, 167 Vt. 357, 358, 706 A.2d 947, 949 (1997). According to the complaint and the exhibits attached and incorporated therein, in November of 1987, Douglas and Marie Benoit executed and delivered to the Bank a promissory note in the amount of $50,000, and a mortgage deed for real property located in Vergennes as security for the note. The mortgage required, among other things, that the Benoits insure the mortgaged property. On September 12, 1994, the Granite Insurance Company mailed to the Benoits and the Bank a notice of cancellation of insurance for failure to pay the premiums. On October 3, 1994, the insurance company canceled the policy and notified the Bank in writing of the cancellation.

On December 1, 1994, the McGees entered into a purchase and sale agreement with the Benoits pertaining to the mortgaged property. Pursuant to this agreement, the McGees agreed to assume and pay the remaining balance on the note and mortgage held by the Bank. The mortgage, incorporated by reference in the complaint, prohibited the Benoits from selling or transferring the property without the prior written consent of the Bank.

The McGees further alleged that from December 1994 through April 1996 they made payments to the Bank on the Benoits' mortgage and the Bank accepted payments from the McGees and credited the payments to the Benoit account. They alleged that on at least two occasions prior to April of 1996 the Bank failed to truthfully and accurately inform Hugh McGee as to the status of insurance coverage on the subject property. On April 27, 1996, after the McGees had made fourteen consecutive monthly payments on the Benoits' mortgage, the uninsured property was destroyed by fire.

The McGees claim that their relationship with the Bank created a fiduciary duty to respond accurately and truthfully to inquiries from Hugh McGee as to the status of the insurance coverage. The existence or nonexistence of a duty is a question of law to be decided by the court. See Denis Bail Bonds, Inc. v. State, 159 Vt. 481, 487, 622 A.2d 495, 499 (1993). In order for the Bank to have become a fiduciary, the relationship had to ripen into one in which the McGees were dependent on, and reposed trust and confidence in, the Bank in the conduct of its affairs. See Capital Impact Corp. v. Munro, 162 Vt. 6, 10, 642 A.2d 1175, 1177 (1992).

In Capital Impact, because the record revealed nothing but a debtor-creditor relationship between the parties, we held that the trial court did not err in declining to find a fiduciary relationship. We have also held that a mortgagee/bank to whom notice is sent of the cancellation of an insurance policy taken out by the mortgagor, with loss payable to the mortgagee, is under no obligation to give notice to the mortgagor of such cancellation. See Rocque v. Co-operative Fire Ins. Ass'n, 140 Vt. 321, 327, 438 A.2d 383, 386-87 (1981). Similarly, in the instant case, the relationship between the McGees and the Bank consisted of nothing more than the McGees' monthly payment, and the Bank's receipt, of mortgage payments on behalf of the Benoits' loan. A fiduciary relationship of dependence and trust was not born of these transactions. Cf. Griffin v. Griffin, 125 Vt. 425, 438, 217 A.2d 400, 410 (1965) (fiduciary relationship arose where lender's president gained...