McKay v. Fontenot

• Docket Number: 22-690
• Decision Date: 28 June 2023
• Citation: 368 So.3d 282
• Parties: Mark and Jennifer MCKAY, et al. v. Bennett FONTENOT
• Court: Court of Appeal of Louisiana — District of US

368 So.3d 282

Mark and Jennifer MCKAY, et al. v. Bennett FONTENOT

22-690

Court of Appeal of Louisiana, Third Circuit.

June 28, 2023

Lawrence C. Billeaud, 706 West University Avenue, Lafayette, Louisiana 70506, (337) 266-2055, COUNSEL FOR PLAINTIFFS/APPELLANTS: Mark and Jennifer McKay, et al.

Emile Joseph, Jr., Robert A. Robertson, Allen & Gooch, A Law Corporation, Post Office Box 81129, Lafayette, Louisiana 70508, (337) 291-1310, COUNSEL FOR DEFENDANTS/APPELLEES: Bennett and Alden Fontenot

Court composed of Shannon J. Gremillion, Jonathan W. Perry, and Gary J. Ortego, Judges.

PERRY, Judge.

Do residents of a subdivision in Lafayette, Louisiana, have the right to institute a suit against neighbors for allegedly violating subdivision covenants, municipal flood ordinances, and state law?Plaintiffs appeal the dismissal of their claims on a peremptory exception of no right of action.After conducting a de novo review, we reverse and remand.

FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY

On February 7, 2022, twenty-two residents ("Plaintiffs")¹ of Whittington Oaks Subdivision filed a Petition for Injunction and Damages against Bennett and Alden Fontenot("Defendants"), the owners of Lot 403 in the aforesaid subdivision.Plaintiffs’ petition declared Defendants’ deposited "hundreds of dump truck loads of dirt" onto their property such that it "raise[d] the level of their respective lot over six feet above the pre-existing and historic level of the lot, to a maximum of ten feet above the pre-existing and historic level of the sloping lot."Plaintiffs alleged the "deposit of dirt" onto Defendants’ property "constitutes a nuisance per se under Louisiana law[,]" which will effectively "divert the historic flow of water across this lot and will push or divert water onto [Defendants’] neighbor's property in violation of Louisiana law relative to the diversion of water onto a neighbor's property and relative to prohibitions of blocking the natural flow of water."Plaintiffs contend Defendants violated neighborhood covenants which prohibit the creation of a nuisance.Plaintiffs further alleged that "the raising of this lot is in direct violation of ... Lafayette's ‘Zero Net Fill’ Ordinance" and that said violation "serves as further legal reason to order that the lot be returned to its original condition and elevation above sea level."

Defendants filed Peremptory Exceptions of No Right of Action and No Cause of Action, and a Dilatory Exception of Prematurity.Defendants contended that Plaintiffs failed to allege they have incurred actual damages, which is required before a party has a right to seek and obtain injunctive relief in accordance with La.Civ.Code art. 667andLa.Code Civ.P. art. 3601.Defendants also asserted that because Plaintiffs have not incurred actual damages that would qualify as irreparable injuries, Plaintiffs’ claims for injunctive relief are premature.

The trial court held a hearing on the exceptions and, after taking the matter under advisement, issued a judgment on July 28, 2022, sustaining Defendants’ exception of no right of action.²On August 17, 2022, a second judgment was issued clarifying that Plaintiffs’ claims were dismissed without prejudice.

APPELLANTS’ ASSIGNMENTS OF ERROR

Plaintiffs appeal asserting five assignments of error:

1.Plaintiffs have a right of action to seek an injunction for the violation of LCG Flood Control Ordinances, for violation of state law and/or for violation of subdivision covenants.

2.Defendants’ deposit of approximately 200 dump truck loads of dirt onto a lot within a special flood hazard area after November 1, 2017, is a violation of LCG's zero net fill ordinances.

3.Defendants’ deposit of approximately 200 dump truck loads of dirt onto a subdivision lot constitutes a nuisance in violation of the Whittington Oaks Subdivision Covenants.

4.The trial court committed manifest error in throwing out Plaintiffs[’] lawsuit.

5.The factual findings and legal analysis of the district court are manifestly erroneous.

APPELLANTS’ ARGUMENTS

Plaintiffs contend the trial court erred in sustaining Defendants’ peremptory exception of no right of action.They assert their petition clearly reflects that they all live in Whittington Oaks Subdivision and presumably all drive on Thibodeaux Drive.Thus, each plaintiff has the right to seek judicial review of conduct they believe has the effect of blocking a natural servitude, flooding their nearby street and/or causing a nuisance due to the deposit of dirt in what is historically the natural servitude at the bottom of the hill between Thibodeaux Drive and the Vermilion River.

APPELLEES’ POSITION

Defendants contend the trial court did not err in sustaining their peremptory exception of no right of action because Plaintiffs’ petition seeks does not seek injunctive relief through summary proceeding and does not include a prayer to recover actual and real damages.Defendants allege Plaintiffs waived their claims for injunctive relief before the trial court and failed to preserve for appeal the specific claim that Plaintiffs have a right to seek injunctive relief against Defendants.They further argue Plaintiffs clearly do not have a right of action to seek damages because Plaintiffs have not incurred actual damages.

DISCUSSION

The peremptory exception of no right of action, La.Code Civ.P. art. 927(A)(6), is based on La.Code Civ.P. art. 681, which provides that "an action can be brought only by a person having a real or actual interest which he asserts.""The function of an exception of no right of action is a determination of whether plaintiff belongs to the class of persons to whom the law grants the cause of action asserted in the petition."Badeaux v. Southwest Computer Bureau, Inc. , 05-612, p. 6(La.3/17/06), 929 So.2d 1211, 1217.The exception questions "whether the plaintiff in the particular case is a member of the class of persons that has a legal interest in the subject matter of the litigation."Id .

Appellate review of a trial court's decision on an exception of no right of action is de novo because it presents legal questions—the determination of whether a plaintiff has a right of action is a question of law.Guidry v. Ave Maria Rosary & Cenacle, Inc. , 21-507(La.App. 3 Cir.6/1/22), 341 So.3d 779."When evidence is introduced in support of or in opposition to the exception, however, a trial court's findings of fact are subject to the manifest error-clearly wrong standard of review."Id . at 797(quotingRain CII Carbon, LLC v. Turner Indus. Grp., LLC , 19-403(La.App. 3 Cir.3/18/20), 297 So.3d 797, writ denied , 20-774 (La.10/20/20), 303 So.3d 319).Furthermore, though evidence could be considered in determining an exception of no right of action, whether the defendant may be able to defeat the...