Mebane v. State, 72773

• Decision Date: 25 August 1995
• Docket Number: No. 72773,72773
• Citation: 902 P.2d 494,21 Kan.App.2d 533
• Parties: Tyrone M. MEBANE, Appellant, v. STATE of Kansas, Appellee.
• Court: Kansas Court of Appeals

Page 494

902 P.2d 494

21 Kan.App.2d 533

Tyrone M. MEBANE, Appellant, v. STATE of Kansas, Appellee.

No. 72773.

Court of Appeals of Kansas.

Aug. 25, 1995.

Review Denied Nov. 7, 1995.

Syllabus by the Court

1. A K.S.A. 60-1507 motion requesting post-conviction testing of rape kit evidence used at a defendant's trial should be treated as a motion for a new trial.

2. A defendant is not entitled to post-conviction DNA testing of evidence as a matter of absolute right.

3. A motion for post-conviction DNA testing of rape kit evidence used at a defendant's trial should not be granted unless the trial court determines, after a hearing, that the result of the testing would be potentially exculpatory.

4. The question of whether post-conviction DNA testing should be done at the expense of the State is an issue to be determined by the trial court in the exercise of its discretion.

Hazel Haupt and Rebecca E. Woodman, Assistant Appellate Defenders, and Jessica R. Kunen, Chief Appellate Defender, for the appellant.

Michael Grosko, Assistant District Attorney, Nick A. Tomasic, District Attorney, and Carla J. Stovall, Attorney General, for the appellee.

Before BRAZIL, C.J., LEWIS, J., and JACK L. BURR, District Judge, Assigned.

BURR, Judge:

This appeal arises from the district court's denial of a K.S.A. 60-1507 motion requesting DNA testing of rape kit evidence. Following a jury trial on October 10, 1985, Tyrone Mebane was convicted of one count each of aggravated burglary and rape and two counts each of aggravated kidnapping and aggravated criminal sodomy. Mebane was sentenced under the Habitual Criminal Act to 15 to 45 years for aggravated burglary, life for each count of aggravated kidnapping, 45 years to life for rape, and 45 years to life for each count of aggravated criminal sodomy. The court ordered Mebane's sentences to run concurrently. These convictions were affirmed by the Kansas Supreme Court in State v. Mebane, 761 P.2d 795 No. 59,601, unpublished opinion filed March 27, 1987.

Mebane filed a K.S.A. 60-1507 motion requesting that DNA testing be performed, at the expense of the State, upon rape kit evidence. DNA testing was not available at the time of Mebane's trial. Mebane argues that this would produce exculpatory or newly discovered evidence which would entitle him to a new trial. Following a hearing, the trial court denied the motion, and this appeal was timely filed.

The facts surrounding Mebane's convictions may be summarized as follows: The victims, Marzay Tatum and L.M., were alone in a friend's apartment where they had consensual intercourse. They were sitting on the couch afterwards when Michael Ross fell through the front door, apparently after defendant had pushed him in the hallway. Tatum recognized defendant, Audie Suber, and Eddie Moore standing in the hallway. Ross apologized and all four men left. About 30 minutes later while L.M. was in the bathroom, the same four men kicked in the front door. The men ordered Tatum to lie on the floor and covered his head with a blanket. Tatum was held in that position at gunpoint for the next several hours and testified that he recognized the voices of defendant, Suber, Ross, and Moore.

Meanwhile, the men found L.M. in the bathroom, covered her face with a pillow or towel, and forced her to have vaginal and anal intercourse and to perform oral sex. After approximately an hour and a half, the men moved L.M. to the bedroom where they continued to rape and sodomize her. Before leaving, one of the men poured water in L.M.'s vagina three times. L.M. estimated that she was forced to have vaginal intercourse 10 or more times, anal sex 3 times, and oral sex 8 times. L.M. was not sure whether three or four men had attacked her and could not identify any of them.

After the attack, L.M. was taken to the hospital where a doctor performed a rape kit examination. Of the vaginal, anal, and oral swabs, seminal fluid was found on only the vaginal swab. Eventually, rape kit examinations were also performed upon Tatum and all four suspects. Because there was more than one possible donor, testing of the seminal fluid did not exonerate any of the suspects.

Suber, Moore, and Ross all entered into plea bargains with the State and testified at Mebane's trial. Suber testified that Mebane was not involved in the attack on L.M.; however, Suber also testified that he knew nothing about the incident. He then admitted that he had been there and had robbed Tatum but continued to deny any knowledge of the attack on L.M. Moore and Ross testified that Mebane was involved and gave accounts of the attack which were mostly consistent with each other and with the victims' accounts, except that each claimed Suber forced his participation in the incident, and Moore denied having sex with L.M. Moore and Ross have since recanted their testimonies and have stated that Mebane was not involved.

In his K.S.A. 60-1507 motion, Mebane requested that the State pay for and allow DNA testing on preserved rape kit evidence. If the DNA testing were to produce favorable results, Mebane would then seek a new trial based on newly discovered evidence. Mebane argues that the district court erred by evaluating his motion under a newly discovered evidence standard. Instead, the district court should have construed his motion as one for discovery of potentially exculpatory evidence.

Mebane argues that he has a due process right to post-conviction discovery of DNA evidence under Brady v. Maryland, 373 U.S. 83, 87, 83 S.Ct. 1194, 1196, 10 L.Ed.2d 215 (1963). While Kansas has not addressed the issue, several other states have recognized such a right under the logic of Brady.

The New York courts first addressed the issue in Matter of Dabbs v. Vergari, 149 Misc.2d 844, 570 N.Y.S.2d 765 (1990). In Dabbs, the defendant was convicted of rape, and his conviction was affirmed on appeal. The defendant subsequently sought DNA testing of physical evidence as a prelude to a possible motion to vacate his conviction based on newly discovered evidence. DNA testing was not available at the time of the defendant's trial. 149 Misc.2d at 846, 570 N.Y.S.2d 765.

The Dabbs court granted the defendant's request for DNA testing, reasoning as follows:

"[A] defendant has a constitutional right to be informed of exculpatory information known to the State (see generally, Brady v. Maryland, 373 U.S. 83, 83 S.Ct. 1194, 10 L.Ed.2d 215; [other citations omitted] )....

....

"A corollary to the duty of disclosure is the duty to preserve exculpatory material [citations omitted]....

"[C]ourts have dismissed indictments after convictions because of destruction or loss of evidence by the police when that police conduct has deprived a defendant of material of high exculpatory potential. [Citations omitted.]

"By a parity of reasoning, where evidence has been preserved which has high exculpatory potential, that evidence should be discoverable after conviction....

....

"[W]hile it is unclear what such testing will ultimately reveal, [defendant] has demonstrated an adequate foundation for the testing by showing that the victim's panties, a gauze pad and rape test slides have high exculpatory potential.... Assuming the sexual history as described [by the victim] to be true, any semen taken from the victim could only belong to her attacker. If DNA testing could exclude that semen as belonging to [defendant], it would strongly impeach the credibility of the victim's identification of [defendant]." 149 Misc.2d at 847-49, 570 N.Y.S.2d 765

New York again addressed the issue of post-conviction discovery of DNA evidence in People v. Callace, 151 Misc.2d 464, 573 N.Y.S.2d 137 (1991). In Callace, the defendant was convicted of several sex crimes and subsequently requested DNA testing of the physical evidence introduced at his trial. 151 Misc.2d at 464-65, 573 N.Y.S.2d 137. The Callace court granted the defendant's request but reached its conclusion by a different route than the Dabbs court.

The Callace court rejected the Dabbs analysis involving a defendant's right to discovery of exculpatory evidence; instead, the court found that "the better analogy is to an application for newly discovered evidence." 151 Misc.2d at 467, 573 N.Y.S.2d 137. The court found that the defendant's application for DNA testing was a prelude to the making of a motion to set aside the judgment on the basis of newly discovered evidence. The court reasoned that DNA evidence was newly discovered because it was unavailable at the time of the defendant's trial. Although no specific statutory authority existed for post-conviction discovery in connection with a motion to set aside the judgment, the court did have the authority to devise new procedures as necessary. 151 Misc.2d at 466-67, 573 N.Y.S.2d 137.

New Jersey has also considered the issue of a defendant's right to post-conviction DNA testing. In State v. Thomas, 245 N.J.Super. 428, 586 A.2d 250 (1991), the defendant requested DNA testing of rape kit evidence after his conviction but before sentencing. The Thomas court noted that the evidence against the defendant was not strong and that his defense was sufficient to raise a reasonable doubt as to his guilt. The court held:

"Under these circumstances, considerations of fundamental fairness demand that the [DNA] testing of this now seven-year old rape kit material be done now....

....

"The precedent we create here, if any, is that in a criminal case, when the State's proofs are weak, when the record supports at least a reasonable doubt of guilt, and when there exists a way to establish guilt or innocence once and for all, we will not elevate form so highly over substance that fundamental justice is sacrificed." 245 N.J.Super. at 434-36, 586 A.2d 250.

Indiana, too, has allowed a defendant to obtain rape kit...