Meggett v. PA DEPT. OF CORRECTIONS

• Decision Date: 11 August 2004
• Citation: 856 A.2d 277
• Parties: Larry MEGGETT, Petitioner v. PENNSYLVANIA DEPARTMENT OF CORRECTIONS & Pennsylvania Board of Probation and Parole, Respondents.
• Court: Pennsylvania Commonwealth Court

856 A.2d 277

Larry MEGGETT, Petitioner v. PENNSYLVANIA DEPARTMENT OF CORRECTIONS & Pennsylvania Board of Probation and Parole, Respondents.

Commonwealth Court of Pennsylvania.

Submitted on Briefs July 2, 2004.

Decided August 11, 2004.

Larry Meggett, petitioner, pro se.

Nicole L. Adams, Camp Hill, for respondents.

BEFORE: COLINS, President Judge, COHN, Judge, FLAHERTY, Senior Judge.

OPINION BY President Judge COLINS.

Before the Court is the Department of Corrections' preliminary objection in the nature of a demurrer¹ to petitioner Larry Meggett's petition for review in this Court's original jurisdiction.

Meggett was transferred from SCI-Graterford to SCI-Mahanoy in August 2002, and upon his arrival at Mahanoy he was ordered to have his hair cut in compliance with Corrections' policy governing inmate grooming, which limits "Afro styles" to four inches in length. Meggett, a Hebrew Israelite/Nazarite who wears dreadlocks, applied to the Facility Chaplaincy Program Director for a hairstyle exemption based on his religion pursuant to DC-ADM 819, Religious Activities, and the exemption was denied. Thereafter Meggett sought clarification of the grooming policy and its application at SCI-Mahanoy, where according to Meggett, prison administration considers all hairstyles worn by African American inmates to be "Afro styles." Meggett filed a grievance and appealed the denial of the exemption to final review.

Meggett filed a petition for review in this Court's original jurisdiction in which he alleges that Corrections is violating his rights under the state and federal constitutions and state and federal law. More specifically, he avers that DC-ADM 807 violates his due process and equal protection rights because it generally permits male hairstyles that do not fall below the top of the collar, but limits "Afro styles" to four inches and does not define "Afro styles."² He avers that Corrections is violating his right to religious freedom under the state and federal constitutions and under the Religious Freedom Restoration Act of 1993³ by denying him a religious exemption from the four-inch hair length limitation. He seeks a declaration of his rights and an order enjoining Corrections from enforcing its grooming policy against him.

In its demurrer, Corrections avers that Meggett has failed to state a claim in mandamus because he has no established right to maintain his hair longer than permitted by DC-ADM 807, that the policy is constitutional, and that it has no duty to permit Meggett to maintain his hairstyle longer than the four-inch maximum length. In ruling on preliminary objections, we must consider as true all well-pleaded material facts set forth in the petition for review and all reasonable inferences that may be drawn from those facts. Kreamer v. Department of Corrections, 834 A.2d 710 (Pa.Cmwlth.2003). Preliminary objections should be sustained only in cases in which it is clear and free from doubt that the facts pleaded are legally insufficient to establish a right to relief. Werner v. Zazyczny, 545 Pa. 570, 681 A.2d 1331 (1996).

Equal Protection Claim

A prisoner, by the very fact of his or her conviction and incarceration, has diminished civil rights. Wise v. Department of Corrections, 690 A.2d 846 (Pa. Cmwlth.1997). As a general rule, a prison regulation does not violate a prisoner's constitutional rights if it is reasonably related to a legitimate penological interest. Id. Equal protection requires that when a regulation undertakes to define a class of persons to be treated differently that the classification and the difference in treatment be related to the purpose of the regulation. United States v. Virginia, 518 U.S. 515, 116 S.Ct. 2264, 135 L.Ed.2d 735 (1996). The courts have identified varying levels of governmental justification, depending on the nature of the class. Discrimination on the basis of race or national origin is subject to strict scrutiny, while classifications based on economic factors or nonsuspect classes receive rational basis scrutiny. West v. Virginia Department of Corrections, 847 F.Supp. 402 (W.D.Va. 1994).

Although the courts have upheld the constitutionality of prison grooming policies that treat male and female inmates differently based on their being reasonably related to legitimate penological objectives, Wise; Poe v. Werner, 386 F.Supp. 1014 (M.D.Pa.1974), we are unable to determine that Meggett has failed to state an equal protection claim based on Corrections' policy limiting the hair length of African American inmates who wear "Afro styles."

Freedom of Religion Claim

The purpose of the Religious Freedom Restoration Act was to restore the...