Merriam v. United States

• Decision Date: 09 April 1883
• Citation: 27 L.Ed. 531,2 S.Ct. 536,107 U.S. 437
• Parties: MERRIAM v. UNITED STATES
• Court: U.S. Supreme Court

107 U.S. 437

2 S.Ct. 536

27 L.Ed. 531

MERRIAM v. UNITED STATES.

April 9, 1883.

The appellant brought suit in the court of claims against the United States to recover damages for the breach by the United States of a contract by which the appellant agreed to sell and deliver and the United States to receive and pay for a quantity of oats. The court of claims, after hearing the case, dismissed the claimant's petition, and from its judgment this appeal was taken by him.

The court of claims found the following facts:

The chief quartermaster of the military department of Dakota published an advertisement, the parts of which and of the circular therein referred to material to this case were as follows:

'CHIEF QUARTERMASTER'S OFFICE.

'ST. PAUL, MINN., March 1, 1877.

'Sealed proposals in triplicate, subject to the usual conditions, will be received at this office * * * until 12 o'clock noon, on the twenty-sixth day of April, at which time they will be opened in the presence of bidders, * * * for furnishing and delivering of wood, coal, grain, hay, and straw, required during the fiscal year commencing July 1, 1877, and ending June 30, 1878, at the following posts and stations, viz.: (Here follows a list of the posts and stations for which the supplies were required.)

'Separate bids should be made for each post and for each class of supplies. * * * The government reserves the right to reject any and all bids. In bidding for grain, bidders will state the rate per 100 pounds and not per bushel.

'Blank proposals and printed circulars stating the kind and estimated quantities required at each post, and giving full instructions as to the manner of bidding, conditions to be observed by bidders, and terms of contract and payment, will be furnished on application,' etc.

The circular referred to contained these clauses:

'The following are the estimated quantities of supplies that will be required at each post, but the government reserves the right to increase or diminish the same at any time during the continuance of the contract, and to require deliveries to be made at such times and in such quantities as the public service may demand: Fort Abraham Lincoln, D. T., 2,404,000 pounds oats; Fort Buford, D. T., 256,000 pounds oats; Cheyenne Agency, D. T., 131,000 pounds oats; Camp Hancock, D. T., 5,400 pounds oats; Lower Brule Agency, D. T., 34,300 pounds oats; Fort Randall, D. T., 233,000 pounds oats; Fort Rice, D. T., 1,000,000 pounds oats; Standing Rock Agency, D. T., 255,000 pounds oats; Fort Stevenson, D. T., 96,000 pounds oats; Fort Sully, D. T., 50,000 pounds oats.

'Proposals are invited for the furnishing and delivering' of 'grain for Forts Abraham Lincoln, Buford, Randall, Rice, etc., etc., either at Sioux City, Yankton, Bismarck, or Fort Abraham Lincoln.'

In accordance with the advertisement one Hall proposed to furnish 4,000,000 pounds of oats, to be delivered at Bismarck, for $2.25 cents per 100 pounds; and the appellant proposed to furnish, at the same place, 1,600,000 pounds of oats at $2.23 7-16 cents per 100 pounds, a like quantity at $2.28 1/8, another like quantity at $2.31, and another like quantity at $2.37, making the entire quantity which he bid to furnish and deliver 6,400,000.

On May 18, 1877, an award was made to the appellant for furnishing and delivering at Bismarck 1,000,000 pounds of oats at $2.23 7-16 per 100 pounds. On June 27th an award was made to Hall for furnishing and delivering at Bismarck 2,620,000 pounds of oats at $2.25 per 100 pounds, and on the same day a further award was made to the appellant for furnishing and delivering, at the same place 600,000 pounds of oats at $2.23 7-16 per 100 pounds.

On June 29, 1877, the contract on which the action was brought was executed by the appellant and by the quartermaster in behalf of the United States. It was made on a printed blank furnished by the quartermaster. The first article of agreement was as follows:

'Art. 1. That the said John L. Merriam, his heirs, assigns, administrators, and executors, shall supply, or cause to be supplied and delivered to the quartermaster's department at the military station of Bismarck, D. T., 600,000 pounds, more or less, of oats, at two dollars and twenty-three and seven-sixteenths cents ($2.23 7-16) per 100 pounds; the oats to be of good merchantable quality, free from dirt or other foreign matter, and to be delivered in good, new burlap sacks, each sack to contain no greater quantity than 128 pounds, or such other quantity, more or less, as may be required from time to time for the wants of said station, between the first day of July, 1877, and the thirty-first day of December, 1877, in such quantities and at such times as the receiving officer may require: provided, that this contract is approved by the commanding generals of the department of Dakota, and of the military division of the Missouri; otherwise not until such approval is obtained.'

The appellant had previously, in accordance with the award to him, dated May 18, 1877, entered into another contract with the quartermaster acting on behalf of the United States, bearing date May 15, 1877, for the delivery of 1,000,000 pounds of oats, which was identical in terms with the above-mentioned contract of June, 29, 1877, except that the words 'or such other quantity, more or less, as may be required from time to time for the wants of said station, between the first day of July, 1877, and the thirty-first day of December, 1877, in such quantities and at such times as the receiving officer may require,' found in article 1, were omitted.

Two other contracts, dated June 29, 1877, were made between said quartermaster and said Hall, in accordance with his said bid,—one for the delivery of 665,000 pounds of oats, and the other for the delivery of 1,955,000 pounds. each at $2.25 per one hundred pounds; and in other respects the two contracts were identical in form with those of the appellant, the one first above mentioned having the same words omitted which were omitted from the appellant's contract of May 15, 1877, and the other containing them.

There were delivered at Bismarck, as under the two contracts of Hall, by parties other than the appellant, 3,116,616 pounds of oats, between July 1, 1877, and December 31, 1877.

The claimant, after the execution of his said contracts respectively, commenced delivering oats thereunder, and by July 12, 1877, had delivered more than 1,600,000 pounds specifically mentioned in the two contracts, the excess having been received by the acting assistant quartermaster at Bismarck by mistake, and he was paid in full for all that he had delivered.

Subsequently he offered to deliver nine car-loads of oats, but they were refused.

Neither the receiving officer nor any other officer of the defendants required the appellant to supply for the wants of said station any other quantity of oats than that specifically mentioned in the contract sued on; and the appellant did not ask to be informed whether or not any other quantity would be required, and although he repeatedly offered the several car-loads of oats above mentioned to the acting assistant quartermaster, and requested him to take them in order to clear up all he had at Bismarck, and get the railroad company's cars unloaded, he never demanded it as a right under his contract.

The appellant had the means to deliver oats within the time mentioned in his contract to the full extent of the quantity delivered...