Merrick v. Jennings

• Decision Date: 20 March 1972
• Citation: 288 A.2d 523,446 Pa. 489
• Parties: John R. MERRICK, Appellant, v. William JENNINGS and Jackson M. Ivins.
• Court: Pennsylvania Supreme Court

Page 523

288 A.2d 523

446 Pa. 489

John R. MERRICK, Appellant, v. William JENNINGS and Jackson M. Ivins.

Supreme Court of Pennsylvania.

March 20, 1972.

John R. Merrick, Asst. Public Defender, in pro. per. (submitted).

John S. Halsted (submitted), West Chester, for appellee, William Jennings.

Before JONES, C.J., and EAGEN, O'BRIEN, ROBERTS, POMEROY, NIX and MANDERINO, JJ.

OPINION OF THE COURT

ROBERTS, Justice.

Appellant John R. Merrick, a resident and assistant public defender of Chester County, filed a complaint in equity 'on behalf of present and future indigent defendants' seeking to enjoin the county sheriff and warden from applying and enforcing three Pennsylvania statutes which permit imprisonment for nonpayment of fines. ^* Appellant alleged that application of these statutes to indigents would violate the United States Supreme Court's holding in Tate v. Short, 401 U.S. 395, 398, 91 S.Ct. 668, 671, 28 L.Ed.2d 130 (1971), that: "(T)he Constitution prohibits the State from imposing a fine as a sentence and then automatically converting it into a jail term solely because the defendant is indigent and cannot forthwith pay the fine in full."

Appellant's complaint was dismissed by the Chester County Common Pleas Court on the grounds that (1) a blanket declaration that the statutes are unconstitutional as applied to indigent defendants is not justified since the Supreme Court did not hold in Tate v. Short that imprisonment of indigents for nonpayment of fines is precluded when alternative means are unsuccessful despite the defendant's reasonable efforts to satisfy the fines by those means; and (2) that indigent defendants threatened by imprisonment for nonpayment of fines have an adequate remedy at law to which they can resort. Appellant appealed directly to this Court from the dismissal of his complaint in equity.

We need not reach the merits of appellant's complaint, for we agree fully with the court below that the indigent defendants appellant seeks to protect have a full, complete and adequate remedy at law, and thus appellant's complaint is not cognizable in equity. See Cooper v. McDermott, 399 Pa. 160, 159 A.2d 486 (1960); Lapaglia Contractors, Inc. v. Baldwin Borough, 382 Pa. 475, 115 A.2d 236, affirming 2 Pa.D. & C.2d 736 (1955). Indigent defendants who are threatened with imprisonment for nonpayment of fines may raise the holding of Tate v. Short at trial, and at that time fully pursue their constitutional rights under that decision.

Appellant contends, however, that the indigent defendants he seeks to protect have no adequate remedy at law since the courts of Chester County have not and will not enforce the principles announced by the United States Supreme Court in Tate. This contention must be categorically rejected. All that appellant can point to is a decision by the late president judge of the Chester County Common Pleas Court which refused to release a defendant whose term of imprisonment was extended because of his inability to pay certain court costs that had...