Michigan Dept. of Environ. Quality v. U.S. E.P.A., 01-3534.

• Decision Date: 23 January 2003
• Docket Number: No. 01-3534.,01-3534.
• Citation: 318 F.3d 705
• Parties: MICHIGAN DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY and its Director, Russell J. Harding; The Charter Township of Union, Petitioners, v. UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY, Respondent, Saginaw Chippewa Indian Tribe of Michigan, Intervenor.
• Court: U.S. Court of Appeals — Sixth Circuit

318 F.3d 705

MICHIGAN DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY and its Director, Russell J. Harding; The Charter Township of Union, Petitioners, v. UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY, Respondent Saginaw Chippewa Indian Tribe of Michigan, Intervenor.

No. 01-3534.

United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit.

Argued: October 31, 2002.

Decided and Filed: January 23, 2003.

John Fordell Leone (argued and briefed), Office of the Attorney General, Lansing, MI, Gordon M. Bloem (briefed), Mt. Pleasant, MI, for Petitioners.

H. Michael Semler (argued and briefed), Environment & Natural Resource Division, Washington, D.C., for Respondent.

Steven G. Thorne (argued and briefed), Jacobson, Buffalo, Schoessler & Magnuson, St. Paul, MN, for Intervenor.

Before MERRITT and GILMAN, Circuit Judges; TARNOW, District Judge.^*

OPINION

MERRITT, Circuit Judge.

In this environmental case arising under section 402 of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act, 33 U.S.C. § 1342, the narrow question before us is one of procedural default. The Environmental Appeals Board held that the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality, a state agency, did not identify with sufficient clarity and specificity its objections to the actions of the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency in issuing, under section 402 of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act, 33 U.S.C. § 1342, a National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System permit to a wastewater treatment facility located on the Saginaw Chippewa Isabella Reservation. The underlying question on the merits is whether the State of Michigan or the EPA is the appropriate authority to issue discharge permits on the Isabella Reservation.¹ Apart from the question of procedural default, the petitioners assert that there exists an independent jurisdictional basis for this Court to reach the merits by reviewing the EPA's interlocutory actions relating to Michigan's proposed permit for the same facility.

The Environmental Appeals Board has the authority to enforce rules of procedural regularity in cases before it. One such rule is found at 40 C.F.R. § 124.19 of the EPA's regulations and governs the content of petitions to obtain Board review of decisions of the Administrator. That rule provides that the petition must "show" that the challenged actions of the Regional Director were based on a "finding of fact or conclusion of law which is clearly erroneous" or the "exercise of discretion or important policy consideration" that should, in the Board's discretion, be reviewed.² In the present case, the Board dismissed Michigan's petition for failure to comply with this rule. We have jurisdiction to review the EPA's final permitting decision under 33 U.S.C. § 1369(b)(1)(F), and will overturn the Board's ruling only if it was "arbitrary, capricious, an abuse of discretion or otherwise not in accordance with law" under § 706(2)(A) of the APA. See Spitzer Great Lakes Ltd. v. EPA, 173 F.3d 412, 414 (6th Cir.1999).

The Board has consistently held that a petitioner must satisfy the pleading requirements set out in the regulation in order to meet its burden of showing that review is warranted:

The preamble to § 124.19 states that the Board's power of review "should be only sparingly exercised," and that "most permit conditions should be finally determined at the Regional level * * *." 45 Fed.Reg. 33,412 (May 19, 1980). The burden of demonstrating that review is warranted rests with the petitioner who challenges the Region's permit decision.

Further, a petition for review must include "a statement of the reasons supporting that review, including a demonstration that any issues being raised were raised during the public comment period * * *." The Board has explained that in order to establish that review of a permit is warranted, § 124.19(a) requires a petitioner to both state the objections to the permit that are being raised for review, and to explain why the Region's previous response to those objections (i.e., the Region's basis for the decision) is clearly erroneous or otherwise warrants review.

In re Puerto Rico Elec. Power Auth., 1995 WL 794466, 1995 EPA App. LEXIS 38, at *5-7, 6 E.A.D. 253, 255 (EAB 1995) (citations omitted).³ In Michigan's four-and-a-half page petition before the Board, Michigan purported to satisfy its burden under § 124.19(a) by declaring that the agency's actions were unauthorized and by referring the Board to two appendices. These contained the EPA's final discharge permit for the wastewater treatment facility, Michigan's comments objecting to the proposed EPA permit along with the original attachments to the comments, and the EPA's detailed responses to comments. The Board denied the petition, citing several Board decisions for its specific rule that a petitioner may not simply restate or refer to its original comments in order to be granted review. See, e.g., In re SEI Birchwood, Inc., 1994 WL 36876, 1994 EPA App. LEXIS 31, at *6, 5 E.A.D. 25(EAB) (petition denied when it simply restated comments without explaining why the EPA's response was inadequate); In re Genesee Power Station, 1993 WL 484880, 1993 EPA App. LEXIS 23, at *79-80, 4 E.A.D. 832(EAB) ("[T]he inclusion of a copy of the Society's public comments on the draft permit [do not] meet the requirements of Section 124.19(a).").

We hold that the Board's interpretation and application of § 124.19(a) in this case was not an abuse of discretion. Instead of explaining to the Board why the Region's detailed responses to its comments were clearly erroneous, Michigan simply repackaged its comments and the EPA's response as unmediated appendices to its petition to the Board. This does not satisfy the burden of showing entitlement to review. Although the EPA "has the discretion to relax or modify its procedural rules adopted for the orderly transaction of business before it when in a given case the ends of justice require it," Spitzer, 173 F.3d at 415 n. 3, its decision not to relax or modify its rule in this case was not an abuse of discretion. Nor can we agree with petitioners' contention that the Board's rule that the unmediated resubmission of comments and subsequent responses will not satisfy § 123.19(a) is "hidden." The rule has been stated and restated throughout Board decisions. As a result, we will not review on the merits the petitioners' challenge to the EPA's authority to issue the permit, both as a matter of final permit action or as a matter of interlocutory procedural action reviewable only upon review of the final agency action under § 1369(b)(1)(F). See 5 U.S.C. § 704 ("A preliminary, procedural, or intermediate agency action or ruling not directly reviewable is subject to review on the review of the final agency action.").

The petitioners contend that, quite apart from its exclusive...