Michigan Nat. Bank v. Laskowski

• Decision Date: 20 March 1998
• Docket Number: Docket No. 199082
• Citation: Michigan Nat. Bank v. Laskowski, 580 N.W.2d 8, 228 Mich.App. 710 (Mich. App. 1998)
• Parties: MICHIGAN NATIONAL BANK, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Michael J. LASKOWSKI a/k/a Michael J. Lasky, Defendant-Appellant.
• Court: Court of Appeal of Michigan

Page 8

580 N.W.2d 8

228 Mich.App. 710

MICHIGAN NATIONAL BANK, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Michael J. LASKOWSKI a/k/a Michael J. Lasky, Defendant-Appellant.

Docket No. 199082.

Court of Appeals of Michigan.

Submitted Jan. 6, 1998, at Detroit.

Decided March 20, 1998, at 9:15 a.m.

Released for Publication June 29, 1998.

Douglas C. Bernstein, Farmington Hills, for Plaintiff-Appellee.

Evans & Luptak, P.L.C. by Patrick A. Moran and Holly B. Safronoff, Detroit, for Defendant-Appellant.

Before MICHAEL J. KELLY, P.J., and HOOD and GRIBBS, JJ.

GRIBBS, Judge.

Defendant appeals as of right from the trial court's order granting plaintiff's motion for summary disposition. We affirm.

Plaintiff loaned Traditions, Ltd. $350,000 for business purposes after defendant, who is president and sole shareholder of Traditions, personally guaranteed repayment of the loan. Traditions filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection, which eventually was converted to a Chapter 7 proceeding, after Traditions defaulted under the plan for reorganization. Plaintiff was able to collect some portion of the loan after liquidation. Plaintiff sought to hold defendant personally liable for the remaining obligation. Defendant refused to tender payment, and plaintiff initiated the present lawsuit. After a hearing on plaintiff's motion for summary disposition, the trial court determined that there was no question of fact that defendant's personal guarantee applied to the $350,000 loan and that defendant's guarantee was not extinguished by the bankruptcy court's plan for reorganization.

On appeal, a trial court's grant of summary disposition is reviewed de novo. This Court must review the record to determine whether plaintiff was entitled to judgment as a matter of law. Borman v. State Farm Fire & Casualty Co., 198 Mich.App. 675, 678, 499 N.W.2d 419 (1993). A motion for summary disposition under MCR 2.116(C)(10) tests whether there is factual support for a claim. Radtke v. Everett, 442 Mich. 368, 374, 501 N.W.2d 155 (1993). Giving the benefit of doubt to the non-movant, this Court must determine whether a record might be developed that will leave open an issue upon which reasonable minds could differ. Bertrand v. Alan Ford, Inc., 449 Mich. 606, 618, 537 N.W.2d 185 (1995).

Defendant argues on appeal that any personal obligation to repay Traditions' loan was extinguished by the bankruptcy court's plan of reorganization. We disagree.

The discharge of a debtor in bankruptcy does not discharge the obligations of guarantors. In re Lowenschuss, 67 F.3d 1394, 1401 (C.A.9, 1995); In re American Hardwoods, Inc., 885 F.2d 621, 626 (C.A.9, 1989); Union Carbide Corp. v. Newboles, 686 F.2d 593, 595 (C.A.7, 1982). Moreover, "discharge of a debt of the debtor does not affect the liability of any other entity on, or the property of any other entity for, such debt." 11 U.S.C. § 524(e). This section of the 1978 Bankruptcy Reform Act was a reenactment of § 16 of the 1898 act, which stated that "[t]he liability of a person who is a co-debtor with, or guarantor or in any manner a surety for, a bankrupt shall not be altered by the discharge of such bankrupt." Underhill v. Royal, 769 F.2d 1426, 1432 (C.A.9, 1985). Only relationships between debtors and their creditors can be affected by the bankruptcy court. The bankruptcy court cannot affect the obligations of guarantors. Id.

A discharge in bankruptcy arises by operation of federal law and not by the consent of the obligor's creditors. Union Carbide Corp, supra at 595. The consent to a reorganization plan by a creditor cannot be deemed an act with significance beyond the confines of the bankruptcy proceeding. Id. Because a majority of creditors must approve the debtor's plan in order for the court to discharge the debtor's obligations, one creditor's approval or disapproval will have no effect on the outcome. Id. The mechanics of administering the federal bankruptcy laws, no matter how suggestive, do not function as a private contract established to discharge codebtors of the bankrupt from their obligations. Id. However, some courts have found consensual and non-coercive releases to be in accord with the strictures of the Bankruptcy Code. In re Specialty Equipment Co., Inc., 3 F.3d 1043, 1047 (C.A.7, 1993); In re AOV Industries, Inc., 253 U.S.App. D.C. 186, 792 F.2d 1140 (1986). In Republic Supply Co. v. Shoaf, 815 F.2d 1046 (C.A.5, 1987), the court acknowledged that § 524 has typically been interpreted to preclude release of guarantors by a bankruptcy court, but the court noted that the statute does not preclude the discharge of a guarantee when it has been accepted and confirmed as an integral part of reorganization. Id. at 1050.

In the case at bar, plaintiff did approve the second reorganization plan for Traditions, Ltd. and the bankruptcy court confirmed the agreement. However, defendant's guarantee was not expressly released in the second reorganization plan. While terms relating to the retention of defendant's personal guarantee in the plan for reorganization were conflicting, article 4 of the second amended plan for reorganization expressly retained plaintiff's right to hold defendant accountable for the guarantee. The discharge of the guarantee was not an integral part of the plan for reorganization. It was not the clear intention of both parties to bargain away plaintiff's right to seek payment from defendant personally. Because the discharge of a debtor in bankruptcy does not automatically discharge the obligations of guarantors and the consent to a reorganization plan does not in itself eliminate a cause of action against guarantors, plaintiff was entitled to payment from defendant pursuant to the guaranty.

Defendant also argues that the trial court erred in granting plaintiff's motion for summary disposition because there was an issue of fact whether the $350,000 loan was subject to defendant's personal guarantee. Defendant relies on conversations he allegedly had with the loan officer to assert that his guarantee...