Miller v. Miller

• Decision Date: 12 November 1976
• Citation: 276 Or. 639,555 P.2d 1246
• Parties: Joe E. MILLER and Jerry A. Miller, Appellants, v. Donald MILLER and Janet c. Miller, husband and wife, Respondents.
• Court: Oregon Supreme Court

Page 1246

555 P.2d 1246

276 Or. 639

Joe E. MILLER and Jerry A. Miller, Appellants, v. Donald MILLER and Janet c. Miller, husband and wife, Respondents.

Supreme Court of Oregon, Department 1.

Argued and Submitted Sept. 2, 1976.

Decided Nov. 12, 1976.

William D. Cramer of Cramer & Pinkerton, Burns, argued the cause for appellants. With him on the briefs was Stephen D. Finlayson, Burns.

Irvin D. Smith, Burns, argued the cause and filed a brief for respondents.

Before DENECKE, C.J., and McALLISTER, HOLMAN, and HOWELL, JJ.

HOLMAN, Justice.

Plaintiffs brought a suit for the specific performance of a contract to sell to plaintiffs shares of stock in a family corporation. They appeal from an adverse decree.

Plaintiffs and Donald Miller ¹ are the sons of Clarence (Taft) Miller, who, through the years, accumulated a ranch and six children. ² About 1960 he incorporated his ranch for the purpose of facilitating gifts of interests in his estate to his children, whereupon 2,150 shares of stock were issued. At various times he made gifts of stock to his children. Plaintiffs, who were then young men, remained on the ranch and collaborated with their father in its operation. Plaintiffs entered into identical agreements with their brother (defendant Donald Miller) and their sisters, whose shares of stock in the corporation were to be purchased by plaintiffs. It was assumed by all that by this means plaintiffs would eventually acquire ownership of the ranch. However, there is no evidence or claim by anyone that Taft Miller had ever agreed to divest himself of a controlling interest in the ranch in consideration of the plaintiffs' remaining and working thereon, and he is not a party to this litigation. The agreement between plaintiffs and defendant Donald Miller is, in part, as follows:

'WHEREAS, Clarence S. Miller, the father of the seller and of the buyers, Has heretofore made gifts to the seller of 34 shares of capital stock of Rock Creek Ranch, Inc., an Oregon Corporation, and

'WHEREAS, the seller desires to sell said shares of stock to the buyers and the buyers desire to purchase the same, and

'WHEREAS, The seller expects to receive similar future gifts of said stock which he likewise desires to sell to the buyers and the buyers desire to purchase the same, it is hereby agreed between the parties hereto as follows:

'I.

'The seller does hereby promise and agree to sell and the buyers do hereby promise and agree to buy the above mentioned 34 shares of capital stock of said corporation at the market value thereof, the sum of $175.

'* * *.

'WHEREAS, It is contemplated that additional shares of stock in said corporation shall either be (1) given to the seller over the years by the parent, Clarence S. Miller, or inherited by the seller from said parent or obtained by both gift and inheritance, and, whereas, the seller desires to herein obligate himself to likewise sell said shares of stock to the buyers and it is the desire of the buyers to likewise purchase any such additional shares of stock obtained either by gift or inheritance, it is hereby agreed as follows:

'A. The seller does hereby promise and agree to sell to the buyers and the buyers do hereby promise and agree to purchase from the seller, Any and all shares of stock of Rock Creek Ranch, Inc. that the seller may hereafter become the owner of and the sale and purchase price is hereby fixed at the market value of each such share of stock at the date that the seller shall become the owner thereof. * * *.

'* * *.' (Emphasis ours.)

Some ten to twelve years went by during which plaintiffs gradually took over the operation of the ranch. At the same time they accumulated control of 1,002 shares of stock either by direct gifts from their father or as the result of his gifts to their brother and sisters which plaintiffs acquired under their agreements. Misunderstandings and friction then developed between plaintiffs and their father as well as between the two plaintiffs themselves, and the father came to the conclusion that he should keep control of the ranch and not make any more gifts. Upon hearing this, one of the plaintiffs left the ranch in June of 1972.

The other plaintiff remained on the ranch until January or February of 1973, during which time he entered into negotiations with his father and defendant Donald Miller concerning the purchase of a controlling interest by himself and Donald Miller. These negotiations were fruitless. This plaintiff also left when his father informed him that he was entering into some sort of a transaction solely with Donald Miller. There is no evidence that Donald Miller interfered with the relations between plaintiffs and their father or that he instigated or caused the father to change his mind and to come to the conclusion that he should, by terminating his gifts to his children, prevent plaintiffs from acquiring control of the ranch through their agreements with their brother and sisters.

The agreement between the father and Donald Miller was made on February 16, 1973, and purported to grant an option to Donald to acquire the father's remaining 1,148 shares of stock in the corporation. The option was to run for ten years, during which time the optionee was to pay not less than $500 a year to keep the option in effect. If the option was not exercised such payments were forfeited. The agreement provided that the option was to be exercised by a notice sent to the father by certified mail. The purchase price was $432,000 and, upon exercise of the option, payments were due in the sum of not less than $20,000 per year, payable by December 15 of each year. Interest upon the unpaid balance would accrue at 4 per cent upon the exercise of the option. At the time of the litigation Donald Miller had paid his father one $6,705 payment, which represented a debt the father and incurred by way of income taxes, and two $20,000 payments: one immediately prior to December 15, 1973, and the other prior to December 15, 1974. However, the option was not purported to have been exercised because of the lack of the requisite notice.

As part of the same transaction, the father gave to Donald what appears on its face to be a revocable proxy to vote the 1,148 shares of stock. Donald has since occupied, operated and controlled the ranch and, while no dividends have been declared, he had paid himself and his wife salaries of approximately $30,000 out of ranch revenues. Had any dividends been declared, those dividends payable on the shares which were the subject of the option and the proxy would have gone to the father but would have been credited on the purchase price when the option was exercised.

Plaintiffs contend that (1) the purported option was not an option but a sale and that, even if it was only an option, it has been exercised; and (2) defendants under Donald's agreement with plaintiffs, are required to sell their acquired interest in the stock to plaintiffs. Defendants, on the other hand, contend that Donald Miller has no present interest in the stock because the option has not been exercised and that even if he is shown to have a present interest, such interest was not acquired by gift or inheritance and therefore is not subject to sale under the agreement. The trial judge did not construe the agreement between plaintiffs and their brother Conald but disposed of the case by determining that the purported option was, in fact, an option; that the option had not been exercised because the written notice required by the agreement was never given; and that Donald therefore had no interest in the stock which was capable of being transferred to plaintiffs.

Although the trial judge disposed of the matter by deciding that the option had never been exercised, we choose to decide the ultimate issue, which has been fully briefed and argued, I.e., whether the agreement between plaintiffs and Donald requires Donald to sell to plaintiffs any shares which he has acquired or might acquire by purchase under his agreement with his father.

Plaintiffs argue that the inclusive operative clause of the corporation stock sale and purchase agreement should be enforced despite the narrow recital immediately preceding it. Their argument is based on a rule of English origin for the interpretation of deeds:

'Now there are three rules applicable to the construction of such an instrument. If the recitals are clear and the operative part is ambiguous, the recitals govern the construction. If the recitals are ambiguous, and the operative part is clear, the operative part much prevail. If both the recitals and the operative part are clear, but they are inconsistent with each other, the operative part is to be preferred.'

Ex parte Dawes, 17 Q.B.D. 275, 286 (1886). This rule has been adopted by most American courts and has been applied to contracts as well as to deeds. Williams v. Barkley, 165 N.Y. 48, 58 N.E. 765, 767 (1900), 17A. C.J.S. Contracts § 314 (1963). 17 Am.Jur.2d Contracts § 268 (1964). The rule has been neither adopted nor rejected in Oregon, but the statement of the rule in Williams v. Barkley, supra, was quoted in Hulin v. Veatch, 148 Or. 119, 133--34, 35 P.2d 253, 94 A.L.R. 1319 (1934), in support of the proposition that recitals in a mortgage do not have the force of contractual stipulations. It is also usually held that the inconsistent statement in the recitals may not be...