Mister v. Northeast Illinois Commuter R.R. Corp.

• Decision Date: 09 July 2009
• Docket Number: No. 08-2234.,08-2234.
• Citation: 571 F.3d 696
• Parties: Gary MISTER, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. NORTHEAST ILLINOIS COMMUTER RAILROAD CORPORATION, doing business as Metra Metropolitan Rail, Defendant-Appellee.
• Court: U.S. Court of Appeals — Seventh Circuit

571 F.3d 696

Gary MISTER, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. NORTHEAST ILLINOIS COMMUTER RAILROAD CORPORATION, doing business as Metra Metropolitan Rail, Defendant-Appellee.

No. 08-2234.

United States Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit.

Argued February 11, 2009.

Decided July 9, 2009.

James T. Foley, Attorney (argued), Foley Law Group, LLC, Westmont, IL, for Plaintiff-Appellant.

Catherine B. Weiler, Attorney (argued), Swanson, Martin & Bell, Chicago, IL, for Defendant-Appellee.

Before BAUER, RIPPLE and WOOD, Circuit Judges.

BAUER, Circuit Judge.

After a long work day, Gary Mister walked toward his car, slipped, fell, and sued his employer, the Northeast Illinois Commuter Railroad Corporation (Metra), under the Federal Employers Liability Act. 45 U.S.C. § 51 et seq. At the hospital, Mister could not discuss the incident with Metra Safety Officer Kirk Kroner because he was in pain. But Kroner discussed the fall with Mister's supervisors, who were present at the hospital but did not witness the fall. Kroner handwrote a report of his findings, which included a statement that another employee had fallen the previous week at the same spot. The district court found the report inadmissible; it determined that the report was inherently unreliable since Kroner had no personal knowledge of the events described. On appeal, Mister argues that the report should have been admitted as an admission by a party opponent pursuant to Federal Rule of Evidence 801(d)(2)(D). For the following reasons, we affirm.

I. BACKGROUND

On January 25, 2005, Mister arrived at work, parked in an unpaved lot (where parking was prohibited) approximately 15 feet from the train on which he would work that day, then worked his "run" (which is a full-day shift), and returned to the station. On the short walk back to his car, Mister slipped on snow or ice and fell.

Mister's wife was at the station and took him to the hospital. Pursuant to Metra policy, Mister informed his on-duty supervisor, Bob Tague, about his accident. Tague reported the fall to district superintendent Hersey Steptoe. Once informed, Tague and Steptoe made their way to the hospital to make sure Mister was safe and to investigate the event.

Metra's Safety Officer, Kroner, joined the other Metra officers at the hospital. Kroner's job required that he ensure that all safety rules were complied with and, in case of an employee injury, to investigate the accident and summarize his findings in a report. At the hospital, Kroner was not able to discuss the accident with Mister due to Mister's pain. Instead, Kroner simply discussed the event with Tague and Steptoe and recorded his finding on a single sheet of loose-leaf paper.

According to the report, "[Metra] had a similar incident less then [sic] a week earlier in the same spot." This statement referred to a slip and fall reported by another Metra employee, Wally Wyman. Apparently, Wyman parked in the same unpaved lot and also slipped on ice. No one knew the details of Wyman's fall. More importantly, despite stating that it was in the same spot, Kroner did not know where either Mister's or Wyman's fall had taken place.

At trial, Mister attempted to introduce the report as a party admission under Fed.R.Evid. 801(d)(2)(D) and have the Metra officers testify about the report's contents — mainly, Wyman's accident. The district court found the report inadmissible and did not allow testimony regarding it; she found the report inherently unreliable and stated, "[t]he agent has to have a basis for making the statement. [Kroner] has no personal knowledge on which to make that statement, and [Mister has not] established a foundation for it." Ultimately, the court barred the report and its accompanying testimony. The district court further denied the report under Fed.R.Evid 403. It stated that "even under Rule 403, the document should not be admitted. [Kroner's] testimony is contrary. It undermines his ability to draw the conclusion that is stated in that letter that [Metra] had an accident at the ... same spot ... because [Kroner] testified that he didn't know where Gary Mister fell."

The jury returned a verdict in favor of Metra and Mister timely appealed.

II. DISCUSSION

Mister argues that the district court erred when it refused to admit Kroner's report under Fed.R.Evid. 801(d)(2)(D), and allow Metra officers to testify about said report. We review the court's evidentiary rulings for an abuse of discretion. Aliotta v. National Railroad Passenger Corp., 315 F.3d 756, 759 (7th Cir.2003). Under this standard, "we will not find error unless the court's decision is based on an erroneous conclusion of law or the record contains no evidence on which the court rationally could have based its decision or the supposed facts which the court found are clearly erroneous." Young v. James Green Mgmt., Inc., 327 F.3d 616, 621 (7th Cir.2003).

Kroner's report, and its reference to Wyman's fall, are certainly hearsay in the usual sense of that term. Kroner wrote the statement based on information provided to him by Tague, who had learned it from Mister, who was presumably told by Wyman that he had fallen a week earlier. But nevertheless, "Rule 801(d)(2), on its face, merely defines as non-hearsay certain hearsay-like evidence." Aliotta, 315 F.3d at 761. Under Rule 801(d)(2)(D), "[a] statement is not hearsay if ... [t]he statement is offered against a party and is ... a statement by the party's agent or servant concerning a matter within the scope of the agency or employment, made during the existence of the relationship...." United States v. Swan, 486 F.3d 260, 264-65 (7th Cir.2007) (citing Fed.R.Evid. 801(d)). This Rule "simply requires that the statement be made by an individual who is an agent, that the statement be made during the period of the agency, and that the matter be within the subject matter of the agency." Young, 327 F.3d at 622.

The district court refused to admit this statement on the ground that it was inherently unreliable since it lacked foundation and was based on various levels of hearsay. Metra argues that the requirement of first-hand knowledge is imbedded within the Rule and Kroner simply had no first-hand knowledge of the matters about which he wrote. Neither Kroner, Tague, nor Steptoe were present during Mister's or Wyman's fall or knew the location of Wyman's fall. Mister did not discuss his fall with the report's author, Kroner, and Kroner did not know where Mister had...