Mizowek v. DeFranco

• Decision Date: 01 October 1976
• Docket Number: No. 48084,48084
• Citation: 1 Ill.Dec. 32,64 Ill.2d 303,356 N.E.2d 32
• Parties: , 1 Ill.Dec. 32 Barbara MIZOWEK, Appellee, v. Tony DE FRANCO, Appellant.
• Court: Illinois Supreme Court

Page 32

356 N.E.2d 32

64 Ill.2d 303, 1 Ill.Dec. 32

Barbara MIZOWEK, Appellee, v. Tony DE FRANCO, Appellant.

No. 48084.

Supreme Court of Illinois.

Oct. 1, 1976.

Rathje, Woodward, Dyer & Burt, Wheaton (Robert E. Dyer, Wheaton, of counsel), for appellant.

Donovan, Atten, Mountcastle, Roberts & Da Rosa, Wheaton (Lloyd E. Dyer, Jr., Wheaton, of counsel), for appellee.

WARD, Chief Justice:

This appeal involves an action brought in the circuit court of Du Page County by the plaintiff, Barbara Mizowek, for personal injuries she received in an automobile collision while a passenger in a car driven by Tony De Franco, the defendant. Her complaint alleged willful and wanton conduct on the part of the defendant to state a cause of action under the Illinois guest statute, which at the time of the complaint required that a person riding in a motor vehicle as a guest without payment must show willful and wanton misconduct on the part of the driver to recover for injuries arising from the driver's conduct. (Ill.Rev.Stat.1971, ch. 95 1/2, par. 10-201.) The case proceeded to trial, and at the close of the evidence the plaintiff's motion for a directed verdict on the issue on liability was denied. The jury returned a verdict for the defendant, and judgment was entered for him after the plaintiff's post-trial motions for judgment notwithstanding the verdict, and, alternatively, for a new trial, were denied. The appellate court reversed and remanded with directions to enter judgment for the plaintiff on the issue of liability and to grant a new trial on the question of damages. (32 Ill.App.3d 53, 335 N.E.2d 596.) We allowed the defendant's petition for leave to appeal under Rule 315 (58 Ill.2d R. 315).

At 10:15 p.m. on August 30, 1968, the plaintiff was riding as a guest in the front seat of the defendant's 1965 Dodge convertible. The defendant was driving the plaintiff home following a date. They were proceeding south on Oakwood Avenue, a two-lane residential street in Downers Grove which runs in a generally northsouth direction. The speed limit was 25 miles per hour. The weather was clear and warm, and the concrete pavement was dry. There is a stop sign on Oakwood Avenue where it intersects with Grant Avenue, and Oakwood then continues in a southerly direction for approximately one block before curving to the southeast in the shape of a quarter moon. The defendant stopped his car at the stop sign at Grant Avenue and then continued south on Oakwood until the car reached the curve, where it jumped the west curb. The auto traveled 116 feet, striking two trees and then a stump, which caused the car to overturn, pinning the plaintiff beneath it. The plaintiff sustained severe injuries which are not in question here.

The plaintiff called the defendant to testify as an adverse witness under section 60 of the Civil Practice Act (Ill.Rev.Stat.1975, ch. 110, par. 60). The defendant stated that he had driven before on this portion of Oakwood Avenue and knew that the road curved. He testified that after making the stop at the intersection of Oakwood and Grant he proceeded south and reached a speed of 25 miles per hour. After passing a car parked on the approach to the curve he steered back into his own lane. Because there were no street lights in the immediate area he testified he had difficulty seeing. After passing the parked car he observed a car with bright lights coming around the curve in the defendant's lane of traffic at a high rate of speed. Blinded by the bright lights, he caused his car to swerve, and he remembered jumping the curb and hitting the two trees before losing consciousness. He testified that he went to the hospital about one week later to visit the plaintiff but did not discuss the accident with her.

Five persons who resided on Oakwood Avenue between Grant Avenue and the curve where the accident occurred were called as witnesses by the plaintiff. Lee Eichman testified that on that evening he was in his front room when he heard a car pass his house traveling south at a high rate of speed. He based this opinion on the sound of the engine, the length of time it took the car to pass his house, and the sound of the tires striking variations in the level of the pavement. He then heard a 'scrubbing' and 'squealing' of tires from which he concluded there had been an auto accident.

Rachel Edwards testified that she was in her second-floor bedroom when she heard a car go by in a 'loud manner' and then heard a 'sudden screeching and scraping followed by a crash.' She looked out her window and observed a light-colored northbound car traveling very slowly to the north of her house toward Grant Avenue.

Ann Snell testified that on the night in question she heard a fast-moving car accelerating and then looked out the window and observed the defendant's car traveling south. She then heard a thud and realized an accident had occurred.

Evidence depositions of Mr. and Mrs. George Vix were admitted into evidence. Amanda Vix testified that as she was about to close her front door she heard an engine racing and tires 'bump(ing) along fast.' She saw the defendant's car pass for about half a second and remarked to her husband: 'That fellow is flying.' Shortly thereafter she heard the sound of an impact. Her husband, George Vix, testified that he had heard the same sounds his wife had described.

Janice Neider testified that she was driving north on Oakwood Avenue in a light-blue Ford at 25 miles per hour with her dim lights on when she saw the defendant's southbound car about one-half block away. She stated that she was in her own lane and that the defendant's car passed her shortly after her car had come out of the curve onto the straight road. She said that the defendant's car sounded as if it was going quite fast, and she estimated his speed as 40 miles per hour. After passing the defendant's car she heard the sounds of a crash, and through her rear view mirror she saw a cloud of smoke or dust arise. She went to a friend's home a short distance away and telephoned the police. On cross-examination she admitted that in a police report, which she prepared shortly after the accident, she stated that the defendant had jumped the curb before she had passed him. She said that her statement in the police report was not accurate.

Officer Victor Savanna, a Downers Grove policeman, testified that he and his partner arrived at the scene shortly after the accident. When he arrived he observed the defendant seated on the curb, bleeding profusely from the face. He assisted in freeing the plaintiff, who was beneath the defendant's car, and proceeded to the hospital, where he questioned the defendant. The defendant stated, the witness said, that 'his accelerator pedal stuck and his vehicle was picking up speed and the next thing he knew he went off the road and everything went black.' Officer Savanna stated that at this time the defendant said nothing about a speeding northbound car with bright lights forcing him off the road.

On cross-examination the witness testified that several days after the accident he interviewed the plaintiff at the hospital. He observed that she was in pain and was slow in responding to him questions. She said that as the defendant's vehicle came to the curve a northbound speeding auto with bright lights approached them and that the defendant swerved to the right as they passed the parked car on the west side of the street.

The plaintiff testified that the defendant accelerated from the stop sign at Grant Avenue to a speed of between 40 and 50 miles per hour when she told him to stop. She said that before they reached the parked car they could see the northbound car approaching. She testified that after the defendant passed the parked car he swerved to the right, the northbound car passed them, their car jumped the curb, and she lost consciousness. The plaintiff stated that the defendant had visited her about one week later in the hospital and told her to refer any questions about the accident to him or to tell anyone who asked that he had not been speeding. Rather, she should say, she testified, that it was the other car that had been speeding and that the defendant's accelerator had become stuck. She said she told the defendant that was not what had happened. The plaintiff testified that she did not...