Morales v. Haines
| Decision Date | 11 October 1973 |
| Docket Number | No. 72-2012.,72-2012. |
| Citation | 486 F.2d 880 |
| Parties | Lydia L. MORALES, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. James A. HAINES, Mayor of Harvey, Illinois, et al., Defendants-Appellees. |
| Court | U.S. Court of Appeals — Seventh Circuit |
F. Willis Caruso, Chicago, Ill., for plaintiff-appellant.
William F. Donahue, Harvey, Ill., Edward T. Havey, Chicago, Ill., for defendants-appellees.
Before KILEY, FAIRCHILD and SPRECHER, Circuit Judges.
The complaint was brought under 42 U.S.C. §§ 1982, 1983, 3604 and 3612 to challenge the refusal of the defendant, City of Harvey, Illinois, to permit construction within its boundaries of houses financed under Section 235 of the Federal Housing Act, 12 U.S.C. § 1715z.1
The plaintiff is a black citizen who entered into a contract to purchase a house to be built by Maridan Construction Company in Harvey and to be financed under Section 235. Maridan had previously constructed about 400 Section-235-financed houses in Harvey and in the summer of 1970 had received all necessary federal clearances and commitments to build 90 more such houses in Harvey, including the one contracted to be purchased by plaintiff.
Late in the summer of 1970, the defendants administratively decided that the city would not allow any more Section 235 houses to be built within the city limits. To implement this decision the defendants refused to issue any building permits for such housing, including the one to be built for plaintiff. About one year later, on September 27, 1971, the city council adopted Resolution No. 868, which gave formal recognition to this decision and provided that no permits would be issued for such housing for a period of one year from the date of the resolution.
Upon a trial without a jury, the district court held that the "refusal of building permits for Section 235 houses violates the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment" inasmuch as the basis for classification, which was "the financial means of the prospective owner," is impermissible. 349 F.Supp. 684, 686.
The complaint had sought a permanent injunction, actual and punitive damages, and attorneys' fees. The district court permanently enjoined defendants from refusing to issue a permit for the construction of a Section 235 or other federally financed, guaranteed or subsidized house to plaintiff. Actual and punitive damages and attorneys' fees were denied.
Although the plaintiff's notice of appeal purported to appeal the entire judgment, plaintiff has not challenged the permanent injunction relief but only the court's denial of actual and punitive damages and attorneys' fees. The plaintiff further challenged the court's failure to find racial discrimination2 and argued that damages and attorneys' fees would, or at least could, result from such a finding.
The complaint expressly prayed for actual and punitive damages and attorneys' fees, and the claim for relief was founded on 42 U.S.C. §§ 1982, 1983, 3604 and 3612.
Section 3604 makes it unlawful to make unavailable or deny a dwelling, or to discriminate in the terms, conditions or privileges of sale of housing "because of race, color, religion or national origin." Section 3612(c) provides that the court "may award to the plaintiff actual damages and not more than $1,000 punitive damages, together with . . . reasonable attorney fees in the case of a prevailing plaintiff: Provided, That the said plaintiff in the opinion of the court is not financially able to assume said attorney's fees."
Section 1982 provides that "all citizens of the United States shall have the same right . . . as is enjoyed by white citizens . . . to . . . purchase . . . and hold . . . real . . . property." Although damages and attorneys' fees are not expressly mentioned, compensatory (Sullivan v. Little Hunting Park, Inc., 396 U. S. 229, 238-240, 90 S.Ct. 400, 24 L.Ed.2d 386 (1969)) and punitive damages (Lee v. Southern Home Sites Corp., 429 F.2d 290, 293-295 (5th Cir. 1970)), and attorneys' fees (Lee v. Southern Home Sites Corp., 444 F.2d 143, 144-148 (5th Cir. 1971)) may be awarded in a § 1982 case.
Punitive damages (McDaniel v. Carroll, 457 F.2d 968 (6th Cir. 1972)) and attorneys' fees (Monroe v. Board of Commissioners, 453 F.2d 259, 262-263 (6th Cir. 1972)) may also be awarded in a § 1983 case.
Thus the finding of the presence or absence of racial discrimination is material to the resolution of the plaintiff's prayers for actual and punitive damages and attorneys' fees and that finding should be made. "Where the trial court fails to . . . find on a material issue, . . . the appellate court will normally vacate the judgment and remand the action for...
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Filipino Accountants' Assn. v. State Bd. of Accountancy
...on the non-fee claim, is entitled to a determination on the other claim for the purpose of awarding counsel fees. Morales v. Haines, 486 F2d 880 (7th Cir.1973). In some instances, however, the claim with fees may involve a constitutional question which the courts are reluctant to resolve if......
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Slawik v. State
...on the non-fee claim, is entitled to a determination on the other claim for the purpose of awarding counsel fees. Morales v. Haines, 486 F.2d 880 (7th Cir.1973). In some instances, however, the claim with fees may involve a constitutional question which the courts are reluctant to resolve i......
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Bell v. City of Milwaukee
...originated in the Civil Rights Act of 1866, and under § 1983, municipalities could be held liable for punitive damages. Morales v. Haines, 486 F.2d 880 (7th Cir. 1973). This holding is equally applicable to § The Supreme Court has recently held, however, that punitive damages against munici......
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Garner v. Giarrusso
...378 F.Supp. 913 (D.Pa.1974). Damage actions against municipalities have also been permitted under 42 U.S.C. § 1982, Morales v. Haines, 486 F.2d 880 (7th Cir. 1973), and under the Fourteenth Amendment, Hostrop v. Board of Junior College District, 523 F.2d 569 (7th Cir. 1975). The district co......