Much v. Sturm, Ruger & Co., Inc.

• Decision Date: 24 December 1980
• Docket Number: No. CV-79-62-Bu.,CV-79-62-Bu.
• Citation: 502 F. Supp. 743
• Court: U.S. District Court — District of Montana
• Parties: Leroy MUCH, Plaintiff, v. STURM, RUGER & CO., INC., a Connecticut Corporation, Defendant.

502 F. Supp. 743

Leroy MUCH, Plaintiff, v. STURM, RUGER & CO., INC., a Connecticut Corporation, Defendant.

No. CV-79-62-Bu.

United States District Court, D. Montana, Butte Division.

December 24, 1980.

Charles A. Smith, Smith & Harper, Helena, Mont., for plaintiff.

Robert A. Poore, Poore, Roth, Robischon & Robinson, Butte, Mont., for defendant.

MEMORANDUM and ORDER

WILLIAM D. MURRAY, Senior District Judge

Mr. Much was injured in May, 1975, when his holstered Ruger revolver discharged into his leg as he crawled under some heavy brush. This products liability action was filed in September, 1979, well beyond the statutory period. In an effort to overcome the effect of the statute of limitations, plaintiff argues that Ruger fraudulently concealed material facts respecting an allegedly defective safety in its pistols, thereby tolling the statute. In the alternative plaintiff urges this court to apply a discovery rule under which the statute of limitations would not begin to run until plaintiff had discovered, or reasonably should have discovered, that the legal cause of his injury was the defect in the revolver. Ruger has moved for summary judgment based upon the statute of limitations bar.

The statutory period for tort actions in Montana is three years. MCA § 27-2-204 (1979). Further, "the statute of limitations begins to run from the time the right of action accrues, and not when the plaintiff who was ignorant before comes to a knowledge of his rights." Kerrigan v. O'Meara, 71 Mont. 1, 227 P. 819, 821 (1924) (citations omitted). The time at which the right of action accrues is not defined by Montana statute; however courts generally have established that accrual occurs upon injury in tort actions. E. g., Howe v. Pioneer Manufacturing Company, 68 Cal.Rptr. 617, 262 Cal.App.2d 330 (1968).

I. Fraudulent Concealment.

The Montana Supreme Court recognizes that fraudulent concealment can toll the statute of limitations. Kerrigan v. O'Meara, 71 Mont. 1, 227 P. 819 (1924); see, Carlson v. Ray Geophysical Division, 481 P.2d 327 (Mont.1971); Monroe v. Harper, 164 Mont. 23, 518 P.2d 788 (1974). The Montana Supreme Court, however, has never considered a case similar to the one at bar. Typically, fraudulent concealment has been considered in malpractice actions. Monroe v. Harper, 164 Mont. 23, 518 P.2d 788, 790 (1974). There is language in Monroe, however, which could be applied to the issue of fraudulent concealment in other types of cases.

To toll the statute of limitations the fraud must be of such a character as to prevent inquiry, elude investigation, or to mislead the party who claims the cause of action.... There first must be injury and then concealment. It is the cause of action which must be fraudulently concealed by failing to disclose the fact of injury.... Id. (citations omitted) (emphasis added).

Application of Monroe to the instant action establishes no fraudulent concealment by Ruger. Mr. Much argues that magazine advertisements circulated by Ruger over the years have lulled the public into believing that the gun is safe, free from defects, and that therefore any injury from the gun must be the result of user's fault. The Ruger advertisements, however, refer only in small part to the safeness of the revolver. Further, the ads attached to plaintiff's brief either pre-date his injury or were published prior to the filing of this action. Even if these ads were tantamount to fraudulent concealment, and this court believes that they are not, the Monroe requisite (that concealment must occur after the injury) has not been met. Moreover, Monroe requires that the cause of action be fraudulently concealed by a failure to disclose the fact of injury. The fact of injury was obvious to Mr. Much at the instant his revolver discharged into his leg. Nevertheless, he did not communicate with Sturm, Ruger and Company until after filing his suit. That there were no affirmative acts of concealment, indeed no communication whatever between Mr. Much and Ruger during the statutory period following the injury, renders fraudulent concealment of this cause of action an impossibility. "There must be some affirmative act of the defendant calculated to obscure the existence of a cause of action." E. g., Hesse v. Vinatieri, 145 Cal.App.2d 448, 302 P.2d 699, 702 (Dist.Ct.App.Cal.1956).

Additionally, by his answers to defendant's request for admissions, plaintiff admits that his own inactivity, rather than any affirmative acts by Ruger, caused him to exceed the statutory filing period. Defendant's discovery, then, has effectively pierced plaintiff's allegation of fraudulent concealment. As here, once the allegations of a complaint have been pierced by discovery, a party cannot rely simply on his pleading to defeat a motion for summary judgment. Dinsmore v. Aetna Casualty and Surety Co., 338 F.2d 568, 571 (7th Cir. 1964); Shehi v. Southwestern Bell Telephone Co., 382 F.2d 627, 628 (10th Cir. 1967); Engl v. Aetna Life Ins. Co., 139 F.2d 469, 473 (2d Cir. 1943). Summary judgment is further justifiable in this case, therefore, because Mr. Much has consistently relied only upon conclusory allegations of fraudulent concealment.

II. Discovery Doctrine.

Plaintiff urges that the "modern trend" in products liability actions is to apply a discovery rule respecting accrual of the cause of action. On the contrary, plaintiff's contention is overly broad. Research indicates that discovery rules similar to that urged by plaintiff have been limited to latent injuries resulting primarily from...