Muldonian v. United States

• Decision Date: 16 October 1970
• Docket Number: No. 378-68.,378-68.
• Citation: 193 Ct. Cl. 99,432 F.2d 443
• Parties: Robert A. MULDONIAN v. The UNITED STATES.
• Court: U.S. Claims Court

193 Ct. Cl. 99, 432 F.2d 443 (1970)

Robert A. MULDONIAN v. The UNITED STATES.

No. 378-68.

United States Court of Claims.

October 16, 1970.

Carl J. Felth, Washington, D. C., for plaintiff.

Charles M. Munnecke, Washington, D. C., with whom was Asst. Atty. Gen., William D. Ruckelshaus, for defendant.

Before COWEN, Chief Judge, and LARAMORE, DURFEE, DAVIS, COLLINS, SKELTON, and NICHOLS, Judges.

LARAMORE, Judge.

Plaintiff in this case, an Air Force Reserve Officer, claims that because of certain record-keeping errors he was denied timely promotions to Major and Lieutenant Colonel in the Air Force Reserve. Plaintiff claims that because of the delay he is entitled to back pay in the amount of $1,212.44. Plaintiff further claims that he should have been promoted to Colonel in the Air Force Reserve and for such other relief as may be appropriate.

In considering the claims of the plaintiff, this court must determine if the plaintiff is entitled to be given credit for certain inactive duty points (to be defined hereinafter) earned while in the Naval Reserve before his transfer to the Air Force Reserve. The court must also determine if an officer in the Air Force Reserve has a right to be promoted. These issues arise on cross-motions for summary judgment and for the reasons to be hereinafter set forth, the court holds that the plaintiff is not entitled to recover.

The questions presented arise out of a complex sequence of events which began when plaintiff was transferred to the Air Force Reserve. At the time of this transfer on December 14, 1950, plaintiff's personnel records indicated that while serving on active duty in the Navy during World War II he attained the rank of Lieutenant, Senior Grade, effective July 1, 1944. (This date is known as an officer's promotion service date.) Plaintiff's records further showed that after the War he was assigned to the Naval Reserve where he served until he was transferred to the Air Force Reserve. At the time of this transfer plaintiff was given the rank of Captain, Air Force Reserve, which is the equivalent of a Lieutenant, Senior Grade, in the Navy. However, due to a record-keeping error, plaintiff's promotion service date was shown as December 14, 1950, the date of transfer, rather than the date plaintiff was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant, Senior Grade, in the Navy.

Upon learning of the error that had been made, plaintiff began his efforts to correct the personnel records to show the promotion service date as July 1, 1944. Finally, some four years later, Air Force Reserve Order No. 13, dated January 20, 1954, corrected plaintiff's promotion service date to the proper date of July 1, 1944. Thereafter, in April of 1954, plaintiff was considered for promotion from Captain (the Air Force equivalent of a Lieutenant, Senior Grade, in the Navy) to Major, Air Force Reserve. However, plaintiff was not selected for the promotion to Major until the following year, effective September 22, 1955. The effective date of the promotion to Major was later changed to June 26, 1957, but at a hearing of the Air Force Board for Correction of Military Records the effective date was readjusted to September 22, 1955.

Following the promotion of plaintiff to Major he was again promoted to Lieutenant Colonel on April 23, 1963. Plaintiff was thereafter considered for promotion to Colonel by the May 1967 and April 1968 Selection Boards under the provisions of 10 U.S.C. § 8362 (1964) but was not selected by either Board and was therefore placed on the retired list pursuant to 10 U.S.C. § 8846 (1964).

Both parties in this case agree that at the time of plaintiff's transfer from the Naval Reserve to the Air Force Reserve the relevant and controlling regulations then in effect were Air Force Regulation (AFR) 45-35 (1949) and AFR 45-5 (1949). The latter of the two regulations established the guidelines for operation of the Air Force Reserve, a newly created branch of the Air Force, and referred to areas such as Organization and Assignment, Promotion, Transfer within the Reserve and Retention of Officers. AFR 45-35 enumerated the procedure for transfers of Reserve Forces into the Air Force Reserve from other services. These regulations are of critical importance to the decision of this court since the language found therein is crucial to the plaintiff's claim for back pay and acceleration of his promotions.

AFR 45-35 provides, at section 2, paragraph (a), that:

Any commissioned officer of the Officers\' Reserve Corps, Naval Reserve, Marine Corps Reserve, Coast Guard Reserve, and United States Public Health Service Reserve who is not on active service may apply for an appointment in the Air Force Reserve in the same or equivalent grade to that presently held. Emphasis added.

Therefore, pursuant to AFR 45-35, when plaintiff was transferred to the Air Force Reserve, effective December 14, 1950, he was given the same or equivalent grade of Captain, Air Force Reserve. However, before plaintiff could be considered for promotion above the grade of Captain, there were other requirements to be met.

AFR 45-5 set forth the following requirments for an officer to meet before he could be considered for promotion: (1) The officer must have the required number of years in grade; (2) for promotion to Major, the officer must have earned 175 inactive duty points while in the grade of Captain; (3) the officer must be recommended for promotion. (AFR 45-5, paragraphs 2(f), 2(c) and 15(c) (1949).) The aforementioned AFR 45-5 defines "inactive duty points" as follows:

23. Table of Active and Inactive Duty Points. Officers of the Air Force Reserve and the Air National Guard may earn points for promotion purposes as follows:

a. One point for attendance at an authorized unit training assembly.

b. One point for each day of active duty, including extended active duty and active duty training.

c. One point for accomplishment of an authorized training period.

d. One point for participation in a period of equivalent training or instruction.

e. One point for accomplishment of a period of equivalent duty or appropriate duties.

f. One point for each three hours of extension courses, above pre-commissioning and indoctrination course level, satisfactorily completed.

g. One point for each four hours of flying time performed by rated personnel and recorded on the individual\'s AF Form 5, when such flying time is accomplished pursuant to completion of approved and published minimum maintenance of proficiency requirements for the reserve forces category to which the individual is assigned. Flying time credited as a point gaining activity for the purpose of this Regulation need not be accomplished in a continuous period or within any specified period of time.

h. One point for duty as instructor at:

(1) Authorized unit training assemblies.

(2) Authorized unit schools.

(3) Authorized assemblies of military personnel, other than unit training assemblies.

(4) Air Force Reserve Officers\' Training Corps, Army Reserve Officers\' Training Corps, or Naval Reserve Officers\' Training Corps classes.

(5) CAP or Air Scouts of the Boy Scouts of America assemblies pursuant to an authorized course of instruction, when such duty is ordered by competent authority.

NOTE: Individuals will not be credited for instructional duty accomplished at an assembly for which he is being credited with attendance. This restriction will not affect credit for preparation.

i. One point for preparation of each hour of instruction, but not to exceed two points for preparation of any one instruction period. If the subject is presented more than once, additional points will not be credited for subsequent preparation.

* * * * * *

As applied to the plaintiff, on July 1, 1951, he had met the years of service in grade requirement because of AFR 45-5, paragraph 22(b) which provided that years spent in grade in another branch of the Armed Forces would be credited to the officer for Air Force Reserve promotion purposes. However, due to the aforementioned error in record keeping, the plaintiff's personnel record showed less than one year of service in grade and, therefore, plaintiff was not considered for promotion in 1951.

Plaintiff, therefore, claims that he is entitled to back pay and accelerated promotions since the delay in his eventual promotions to Major and Lieutenant Colonel was due to the record-keeping errors.

Defendant, on the other hand, points out that plaintiff's grievance was considered by the Air Force Board for Correction of Military Records (hereinafter referred to as the "Board") which found that plaintiff was not entitled to the accelerated promotions and that furthermore plaintiff's petition fails to state a cause of action. Moreover, the defendant alleges that since the plaintiff accepted payment pursuant to the decision of the Board he is barred from recovering on his claim under authority of 10 U.S.C. § 1552(c) (1964). However, because this court holds the action of the Board not arbitrary, capricious, or contrary to law, it is unnecessary to discuss defendant's second two contentions.

On January 9, 1963, the Board considered the plaintiff's claim for accelerated promotions and back pay and in its decision of the same day the Board found that plaintiff was not entitled to recover and, pursuant to 10 U.S.C. § 1552(a) (1964), that decision is final and conclusive. Therefore, even though it is not impossible for...