Mullins v. Martinez R.O.W., LLC

• Decision Date: 12 July 2016
• Docket Number: NO. 01–15–00152–CV,01–15–00152–CV
• Citation: 498 S.W.3d 700
• Parties: Donald B. Mullins and Blue Sky Right of Way, L.L.C., Appellants v. Martinez R.O.W., LLC f/k/a Martinez Investments, Appellee
• Court: Texas Court of Appeals

498 S.W.3d 700

Donald B. Mullins and Blue Sky Right of Way, L.L.C., Appellants

v.Martinez R.O.W., LLC f/k/a Martinez Investments, Appellee

NO. 01–15–00152–CV

Court of Appeals of Texas, Houston (1st Dist.).

Opinion issued July 12, 2016

Patrick F. Timmons, Jr., Houston, TX, for Appellants.

David P. Boyce, Wright & Greenhill, P.C., Austin, TX, for Appellee.

Panel consists of Justices Bland, Brown, and Lloyd.

OPINION

Jane Bland

, Justice

In this appeal from the trial court's summary judgment in an indemnity dispute between two jobsite contractors, we decide whether a certificate of insurance verifying coverage evidences the policyholder's written agreement to indemnify the bearer of the certificate, as the Texas Labor Code requires for an indemnity to be enforceable in these circumstances. We agree with the trial court that it does not and therefore affirm.

BACKGROUND

Donald Mullins owns Blue Sky Right of Way, L.L.C. In the summer of 2010, Blue Sky acquired a contract to clear land and trim trees along a right of way in Brazoria County. Blue Sky in turn orally subcontracted with Martinez R.O.W. L.L.C. to secure labor to perform brush-clearing and other work on the ground while Blue Sky performed the aerial tree trimming. This oral agreement was made between the companies' respective owners, Mullins and Jesse Martinez.

Martinez R.O.W. was insured under a Texas workers' compensation policy and also carried general liability insurance. Prior to performing the work, Martinez R.O.W. provided Blue Sky with a “Certificate of Liability Insurance,” which verified that Martinez R.O.W. carried insurance, and noted the names of three insurers “affording coverage” to Martinez R.O.W.

While working on the clearing project, Bonifacio Gomez, an employee of Martinez R.O.W., sustained personal injuries when an overhead tree limb fell on him. He sued Mullins individually for negligence, as well as two other contractors who were later dismissed from the suit, but not before one of the contractors had designated Martinez R.O.W. as a responsible third party.

Mullins then brought a third-party action against Martinez R.O.W., seeking indemnity for the claims that Gomez has asserted against Mullins arising as a result of the services Blue Sky performed at the jobsite, including the supervision of its employees.

Martinez R.O.W. moved for summary judgment against Mullins's indemnity claim, contending that (1) no evidence raised a fact issue that a written agreement of indemnity, as required under section 417.004 of the Texas Labor Code

, existed between Blue Sky and Martinez R.O.W. before Gomez's injury occurred; and (2) because no written agreement existed, Martinez R.O.W. had no duty to indemnify Blue Sky as a matter of law. The trial court granted summary judgment. The trial court then denied Mullins and Blue Sky's post-ruling motions to amend their petition against Martinez R.O.W. to plead a claim that Martinez R.O.W. owed Blue Sky and Mullins indemnity because Martinez R.O.W. had committed gross negligence; to supplement the summary-judgment record; and for a new trial. The trial court severed the summary-judgment indemnity proceedings from the underlying personal injury claims, making it a final summary judgment.

DISCUSSION

I. Indemnity under the Texas Labor Code

Mullins and Blue Sky contend on appeal that the trial court erred in granting summary judgment because they adduced evidence of a written agreement between the parties, in which Martinez R.O.W. assumed liability for any suit brought by one of its workers against either Mullins or Blue Sky.

A. Standard of Review

We review de novo the trial court's ruling on a motion for summary judgment. Samuel v. Fed. Home Loan Mortg. Corp., 434 S.W.3d 230, 233 (Tex.App.–Houston [1st Dist.] 2014, no pet.)

(citing Mann Frankfort Stein & Lipp Advisors, Inc. v. Fielding, 289 S.W.3d 844, 848 (Tex.2009) ). We consider the summary-judgment evidence in the light most favorable to the nonmovant. Fielding, 289 S.W.3d at 848. We indulge every reasonable inference in the nonmovant's favor. Samuel, 434 S.W.3d at 233 (first citing Valence Operating Co. v. Dorsett, 164 S.W.3d 656, 661 (Tex.2005) ; and then citing Provident Life & Accid.

Ins. Co. v. Knott, 128 S.W.3d 211, 215 (Tex.2003) ).

After an adequate time for discovery, a party may move for a no-evidence summary judgment on the ground that no evidence exists of one or more essential elements of a claim or defense on which the adverse party bears the burden of proof at trial. Tejada v. Gernale, 363 S.W.3d 699, 704 (Tex.App.–Houston [1st Dist.] 2011, no pet.)

(citing TEX. R. CIV. P. 166a(i) ). The trial court must grant the motion unless the nonmovant presents more than a scintilla of evidence to raise a genuine issue of material fact on each element specified in the motion. Id. ; see

Merrell Dow Pharms., Inc. v. Havner, 953 S.W.2d 706, 711 (Tex.1997) (“More than a scintilla of evidence exists when the evidence supporting the finding, as a whole, ‘rises to a level that would enable reasonable and fair-minded people to differ in their conclusions.’ ”) (quoting Burroughs Wellcome Co. v. Crye, 907 S.W.2d 497, 499 (Tex.1995) ).

B. Analysis

Section 417.004 of the Texas Labor Code

governs indemnity agreements when the employee of a covered ‘workers' compensation employer sues for injuries sustained on the job. It provides:

In an action for damages brought by an injured employee ... against a third party liable to pay damages for the injury ... under this chapter that results in a judgment against the third party or a settlement by the third party, the employer is not liable to the third party for reimbursement or damages based on the judgment or settlement unless the employer executed, before the injury ... occurred, a written agreement with the third party to assume the liability.

TEX. LAB. CODE ANN. § 417.004 (West 2015)

.

Mullins and Blue Sky do not dispute that Martinez R.O.W. is a workers' compensation subscriber and that Section 417.004

applies. Thus, to prevail on their claim seeking indemnification, Mullins and Blue Sky must prove that a written contract of indemnity exists in which Martinez R.O.W. assumed liability for reimbursement or damages arising out of any judgment or settlement in the underlying personal injury case.

1. Existence of written contract

The normal rules of contract construction apply to written indemnity agreements. Gulf Ins. Co. v. Burns Motors, Inc., 22 S.W.3d 417, 423 (Tex.2000)

. Like other contracts, a written indemnity agreement may consist of more than one document. See

In re Lisa Laser USA, Inc., 310 S.W.3d 880, 885 (Tex.2010) (quoting In re Laibe Corp., 307 S.W.3d 314, 317 (Tex.2010) ).

Mullins admitted in his deposition that he and Martinez R.O.W. had no written contract:

Q. You would agree with me that written contracts in your business, like the one that you've signed here [with Southern Brush SW, Inc.], are a good business practice because it outlines what everybody's duties are?

A. Yes, sir.

Q. And you did not do that with Martinez?

A. I did not.

Q. Could have?

A. Could have.

Q. But you chose not to?

A. Yes, sir.

Mullins and Blue Sky nevertheless point to the certificate of liability insurance furnished by Martinez R.O.W. and the underlying commercial general liability policy it references as evidence raising a fact issue on the existence of an indemnity agreement. The certificate, however, merely verifies that Martinez R.O.W. carries insurance; it does not purport to confer a right of indemnity to the certificate holder. It states: “This is to certify that the policies of insurance listed below have been issued to the insured named above [Martinez R.O.W.] for the policy period....” It further disclaims that it is any evidence of an agreement with the certificate holder:

This certificate is issued as a matter of information only and confers no rights upon the certificate holder [Blue Sky]. This certificate does not affirmatively or negatively amend, extend or alter the coverage afforded by the policies below. This certificate of insurance does not constitute a contract between the issuing insurers, authorized representative or producer, and the certificate holder.

Because the certificate does not purport to memorialize any indemnity obligation with the certificate holder, it cannot be evidence of an indemnity agreement between Blue Sky and Martinez R.O.W.

Turning to the policies of insurance that are part of the summary-judgment record, Mullins and Blue Sky refer to provisions insuring Martinez R.O.W. against damages for bodily injury claims, and defining coverage for contractual indemnification. But these provisions do not identify Mullins or Blue Sky. They apply to an “insured,” a designation which, in this policy, belongs to Martinez R.O.W., its members when acting as Martinez R.O.W.'s agents, and its managers. Neither Mullins nor Blue Sky is identified as a named insured anywhere in the policy. As a result, the policy does not afford coverage to Mullins or Blue Sky in Gomez's lawsuit against them; nor does it evidence an agreement that Martinez R.O.W. would indemnify them.

Mullins and Blue Sky further claim that written evidence that Blue Sky performed work pursuant to the parties' oral agreement and was later paid for that work sufficiently demonstrates the existence of an agreement to indemnify. Mullins and Blue Sky presumably refer to the exception to the statute of frauds under which a parol agreement otherwise subject to the requirement that it be in writing may be enforced in equity if denial of enforcement would amount to a virtual fraud. See Sewing v. Bowman, 371 S.W.3d 321, 346–47 (Tex.App.–Houston [1st Dist.] 2012, pet. dism'd)

(quoting Exxon Corp. v. Breezevale Ltd., 82 S.W.3d 429, 439 (Tex.App.–Dallas 2002, pet. denied) ). Chapter 417 of the Labor Code, however, has no exception based on fraud, and we decline any invitation to read a common-law exception into the statutory scheme. Because Martinez R.O.W. is a subscriber under the...