Murray v. Helfrich
Decision Date | 03 April 1934 |
Parties | MURRAY v. HELFRICH. |
Court | Oregon Supreme Court |
Appeal from Circuit Court, Multnomah County; Louis P. Hewitt, Judge.
Action by Leona Murray against B. Helfrich. Judgment for defendant and plaintiff appeals.
Affirmed.
Walter L. Tooze, of Portland (Martin W. Hawkins, of Portland, on the brief), for appellant.
L. A Recken, of Portland (Senn & Recken, of Portland, on the brief), for respondent.
This is an action for personal injuries. Judgment for defendant, and plaintiff appeals.
The plaintiff alleges in substance that while riding with, and as a guest of defendant, she was injured by reason of the gross negligence of defendant and asks for compensation for such injuries.
Defendant answered with a general denial of any negligence on his part and for a further and separate answer alleged, in effect that the injuries suffered by plaintiff were caused by the negligence of one E. G. Swigert in a collision between defendant's car and a car driven by the said Swigert and that the negligence of said Swigert was the sole cause of said collision and the injuries resulting therefrom.
For a second defense, defendant alleged, in effect, that plaintiff instituted an action for her alleged injuries received in said collision, against said E. G. Swigert in which she alleged that the injuries complained of herein were caused solely by the negligence of said E. G. Swigert; that while said action was pending, a compromise and complete settlement was had between plaintiff and said Swigert in which she received $3,250, "either in part payment or in full satisfaction and discharge" for said injuries, being the same collision and the same injuries for which she is asking compensation in the instant case.
To defendant's answer, plaintiff filed a reply in which she admitted that the instant action against defendant is for the same injuries that she received in the collision alleged in her action against Swigert and denied all other material allegations.
There are several assignments of error set forth in the bill of exceptions and argued in the brief, but on the argument before this court they were all waived with the exceptions of assignments Nos. 3, 4, and 5. These assignments all raise the same question. The question presented to the court arises out of a certain instruction given by the trial court, and the refusal of the court to give plaintiff's requested instruction on the same subject. The trial court gave the jury the following instruction:
The court further instructed, in effect, that if the jury found that the plaintiff should recover against defendant, then from the amount of damages she sustained should be deducted the sum of $3,250 which she had already been paid by E. C. Swigert; or should the jury find that plaintiff had not been damaged in excess of $3,250, then their verdict should be for defendant.
To these instructions the plaintiff excepted and also excepted to the refusal of the court to give the following instruction:
This presents the question: What effect should be given to the amount of money paid by Swigert to plaintiff for her covenant not to sue, in an action against his joint tort-feasor? It is admitted that said sum was paid for a dismissal of an action for damages for the same injuries for which plaintiff seeks compensation in the instant action.
There was evidence tending to show that the accident by which the plaintiff was injured was caused by the concurrent negligence of E. G. Swigert and the defendant Helfrich.
"The weight of authority will, we think, support the more general proposition, that, where the negligences of two or more persons concur in producing a single, indivisible injury, then such persons are jointly and severally liable, although there was no common duty, common design or concerted action." 1 Cooley on Torts (4th Ed.) § 86, p. 277.
The text is well supported by the authorities and that seems to be the rule adopted in this state.
' Strauhal v. Asiatic Steamship Co., 48 Or. 100, 85 P. 230, 233; Brown v. Jones, 130 Or. 424, 278 P. 981.
"The rule is well settled that, where two or more tort-feasors, by concurrent acts of negligence, which, although disconnected, yet, in combination, inflict injury, all are liable. Brown v. Thayer, [212 Mass. 392, 99 N.E. 237], supra; Feneff v. Boston & M. R. Co., 196 Mass. 575, 82 N.E. 705. See, also, line of decisions cited in note on page 158, vol. 20, R. C. L." Reader v. Ottis, 147 Minn. 335, 180 N.W. 117, 118, 16 A. L. R. 463, and see note page 465 et seq.
It is also a well-established rule of law that...
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...pursue all jointly, or any number jointly less than the whole number.' 26 RCL 763, Torts § 13, quoted with approval in Murray v. Helfrich, 146 Or. 602, 606, 30 P.2d 1053. See, also, 52 Am.Jur. 458, Torts § The legislature could, of course, authorize the jury to make an apportionment of dama......
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