Mut. Assignment and Indemn. v. Lind-Waldock & Co.

• Decision Date: 09 April 2004
• Docket Number: No. 03-1854.,03-1854.
• Citation: 364 F.3d 858
• Parties: MUTUAL ASSIGNMENT AND INDEMNIFICATION COMPANY, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. LIND-WALDOCK & COMPANY, LLC, Defendant-Appellee.
• Court: U.S. Court of Appeals — Seventh Circuit

364 F.3d 858

MUTUAL ASSIGNMENT AND INDEMNIFICATION COMPANY, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. LIND-WALDOCK & COMPANY, LLC, Defendant-Appellee.

No. 03-1854.

United States Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit.

Submitted March 24, 2004.

Decided April 9, 2004.

Keith Maydak, North Versailles, PA, for Plaintiff-Appellant.

Patrick G. King, Neal, Gerber & Eisenberg, Chicago, IL, for Defendant-Appellee.

Before EASTERBROOK, MANION, and EVANS, Circuit Judges.

EASTERBROOK, Circuit Judge.

Two men are engaged in shady financial dealings, perhaps with the goal of evading restitution obligations. One of them, Keith Maydak, appears to be a fugitive from justice. See Maydak v. United States, 2003 U.S.App. LEXIS 25182 (D.C.Cir. Dec. 11, 2003). He has filed documents using a mail drop in Pennsylvania as a return address. The other, Paul Lee, is imprisoned, and Maydak purports to be his assignee and spokesman. This opinion, together with the papers that Maydak has filed in this court, will be sent to the United States Attorneys for the Northern District of Illinois and the Eastern District of Pennsylvania, so that they may conduct whatever investigation may be appropriate. In the meantime we must resolve the appeal.

Lee opened a commodity-trading account with Lind-Waldock & Co. (We suspect that Maydak may have supplied the money so that he could trade despite his legally precarious position, but that suspicion is unimportant for current purposes.) According to the complaint, LindWaldock & Co. made a margin call and, when funds were not forthcoming, liquidated part of Lee's investment. The complaint seeks damages under both state and federal law. This seems substantively weak — in futures markets, unlike stock markets, margin calls must be met immediately, as accounts are marked to market daily. Nothing in either state or federal law requires a commodities futures merchant to give prisoners extra time to meet margin calls; anyone who chooses to trade in a market where wire transfers are the norm and immediate action the requirement must meet those standards or accept the consequences. Nonetheless, the district court declined to dismiss all of Lee's claims on Lind-Waldock's motion under Rule 12(b)(6). Mutual Assignment & Indemnification Co. v. Lind-Waldock & Co., 2001 WL 1035724, 2001 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 14092 (N.D.Ill. Aug. 31, 2001).

As the caption on the district court's opinion (and ours) implies, Lee was not the only plaintiff. The complaint alleges that he had assigned his claim to "Mutual Assignment and Indemnification Company" (which we abbreviate to MAIC), and that Lee himself had been named as a plaintiff only as a fallback in the event that the court refused to enforce the assignment. The complaint did not describe the nature or legal status of this "Company." On appeal Maydak calls it a proprietorship, with himself as proprietor. Yet proprietors must litigate in their own names. See Fed.R.Civ.P. 17(a) ("Every action shall be prosecuted in the name of the real party in interest."). To file suit in a business name is to imply that the venture has its own personality. The complaint treats MAIC as an entity distinct from Maydak, which it may well be. State records in Pennsylvania show that before filing this suit Maydak registered "Mutual Assignment and Indemnification Company LLP" as a "limited liability partnership"; if the assignment of Lee's claim is to that partnership, then MAIC's suit should have been dismissed forthwith, as Maydak is no attorney and lacks authority to pursue litigation on behalf of anyone other than himself. See Rowland v. California Men's Colony, 506 U.S. 194, 201-02, 113 S.Ct. 716, 121 L.Ed.2d 656 (1993); Navin v. Park Ridge School District, 270 F.3d 1147, 1149 (7th Cir.2001). The district judge did not broach this possibility; instead he dismissed MAIC's claim on the ground that the contract between Lee and Lind-Waldock contains an anti-assignment clause. 2001 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 14092 at *19-20.

Eighteen months later, Lee and Lind-Waldock filed a joint stipulation of dismissal under Fed.R.Civ.P. 41. The document does not reveal whether Lind-Waldock paid Lee anything, though it does refer to a settlement agreement. A lawyer from Neal, Gerber & Eisenberg signed on behalf of Lind-Waldock. Lee signed "individually and on behalf of Mutual Assignment and Indemnification Company, a _______ company." (The blank is in the original and was not filled in.) The notice of dismissal is transparently defective — for, whether MAIC is a proprietorship or a partnership, Lee cannot represent it in court, as he is not a member of the bar in the Northern District of Illinois (or anywhere else). A notice must be signed by "the parties" or their agents, see Rule 41(a)(1)(ii), and neither MAIC nor anyone entitled to speak on its behalf consented. Counsel for Lind-Waldock should have understood this, even if Lee did not. Nonetheless the district court entered judgment on the stipulation and dismissed the suit with prejudice. Maydak, who says that he was taken unawares, has appealed. Perhaps a motion under Fed.R.Civ.P. 59, pointing out to the district judge that Lee could not bind MAIC, would have solved the problem, but post-judgment motions (like "exceptions" of all kinds) are not essential to preserve a right to assert error. MAIC's claim was dismissed without its consent; it is entitled to appellate review.

The judgment was erroneous, as we have said. But...