N.B. v. T.B.

• Decision Date: 17 January 1997
• Citation: 687 A.2d 766,297 N.J.Super. 35
• Parties: N.B., Plaintiff-Respondent, v. T.B., Defendant-Appellant. T.B., Plaintiff-Appellant/Cross-Respondent, v. M.V., Defendant-Respondent/Cross-Appellant.
• Court: New Jersey Superior Court — Appellate Division

Page 35

297 N.J.Super. 35

687 A.2d 766

N.B., Plaintiff-Respondent, v. T.B., Defendant-Appellant.

T.B., Plaintiff-Appellant/Cross-Respondent, v. M.V., Defendant-Respondent/Cross-Appellant.

Superior Court of New Jersey,

Appellate Division.

Argued Sept. 17, 1996.

Decided Jan. 17, 1997.

Phyllis S. Klein, Short Hills, for appellant T.B. (Skoloff & Wolfe, attorneys; Peter S. Crisafi and Ms. Klein, on the brief).

Thomas D. Baldwin, Short Hills, for respondent N.B. and appellant M.V. (Budd, Larner, Gross, Rosenbaum, Greenberg & Sade, attorneys; Mr. Baldwin, on the brief).

Before Judges PRESSLER, STERN and HUMPHREYS.

The opinion of the court was delivered by

HUMPHREYS, J.A.D.

Defendant T.B. (husband) appeals from a final domestic violence order which excludes him from the marital residence. A final domestic violence order was also entered against the brother of plaintiff N.B. (wife). The husband also appeals from the second order, contending that the order against the brother should have specifically excluded him from the marital residence; the brother cross-appeals. We hereby consolidate both appeals and the cross-appeal and render one opinion as to all three.

After thorough consideration of the record, we vacate the restraining order against the husband and affirm the restraining order against the brother.

I

The parties were living together at the marital residence when the alleged domestic violence arose. A divorce action was pending. The husband slept in the attic. The wife slept in the master bedroom; her brother slept in the basement. The wife had placed a lock on her bedroom door. The parties had joint custody of their three children in accordance with a pendente lite order. The two sons shared a bedroom; the daughter had her own room. The master bedroom and the childrens' bedrooms were on the second floor.

According to the defendant's testimony, on the morning of September 15th, he was on the second floor getting his daughter and the older son ready for school. The door to the master bedroom was open. He saw his daughter lying on the bed watching television. His one year old son was on the bed and saw him. The son slid off the bed and started walking toward him with open arms. At that point, his wife came from behind him, pushed him out of the way, went into the master bedroom and slammed the door in his face. He responded, "you can't do that." He opened the master bedroom door and walked inside the room. He attempted to pick up his son. His wife pushed him aside and refused to allow him to pick up his son. At that point, his wife's brother came out of the bathroom in the master bedroom and began shoving and pushing him against the wall.

The brother testified that the husband pushed the wife into furniture in the master bedroom; the brother then grabbed him and they wrestled. The husband testified that he did not touch his wife.

The wife testified that she came out of her daughter's room and saw her husband in the doorway of the master bedroom. She went by him and entered her bedroom. She tried to close the door while he attempted to push the door open. He suddenly swung the door open and pushed her out of the way. She stumbled backwards into a bookcase. Her brother then grabbed her husband.

At the conclusion of the testimony, the wife's counsel advised the judge that there was a joint custody order that permits the husband to visit with the children two nights a week. Counsel explained that because of the tension in the house, the husband comes to the house only on those nights. Counsel suggested that during those two nights, the wife go to her sister's home which was only ten minutes away. The husband could then visit with the children each and every week until the matter can come before the matrimonial court and custody and visitation be determined there.

The judge said that it was difficult to assess the credibility of people involved in an altercation but that the defendant should have understood that the plaintiff was entitled to privacy in her bedroom and that "[f]or him to force himself into the room, despite what his motives or reasoning might have been ... [was] an act of domestic violence on his part." (emphasis added).

II

Domestic violence is a "pattern of abusive and controlling behavior injurious to its victims." Peranio v. Peranio, 280 N.J.Super. 47, 52, 654 A.2d 495 (App.Div.1995); see also State v. B.H., 290 N.J.Super. 588, 607, 676 A.2d 565 (App.Div.1996) (Loftus, J.A.D., dissenting); Corrente v. Corrente, 281 N.J.Super. 243, 247, 657 A.2d 440 (App.Div.1995).

To address this serious problem, the Legislature enacted the Prevention of Domestic Violence Act. N.J.S.A. 2C:25-17 to -33. The Legislature "did not create a new class of offenses or interdict acts which otherwise were not addressed by the criminal law, but ensured that spouses who were subjected to criminal conduct by their mates had full access to the protections of the legal system. Thus, instead of redefining prohibited conduct, the law simply incorporates [certain criminal statutes]." Corrente, supra, 281 N.J.Super. at 248, 657 A.2d 440.

The Legislature, however, did not intend that:

the commission of any one of these acts automatically would warrant the issuance of a domestic violence order. The law mandates that acts claimed by a plaintiff to be domestic violence must be evaluated in light of the previous history of domestic violence between the plaintiff and defendant including previous threats, harassment and physical abuse and in light of whether immediate danger to the person or property is present. N.J.S.A. 2C:25-29a(1) and (2). This requirement reflects the reality that domestic violence is ordinarily more than an isolated aberrant act and incorporates the legislative intent to provide a vehicle to protect victims whose safety is threatened. This is the backdrop on which [a] defendant's acts must be evaluated.

[Ibid. (emphasis added).]

The "focus of the Legislature was regular serious abuse between spouses." Corrente, supra, 281 N.J.Super. at 247, 657 A.2d 440. The domestic violence law should "address matters of consequence, not ordinary domestic contretemps." Id. at 250, 657 A.2d 440.

The final restraining order in this case contains the court's finding that the defendant "has committed acts of domestic violence" but the order does not recite specifically what acts were found or what criminal statute was violated. Plaintiff, in her domestic violence complaint, charged the defendant with assault, harassment and stalking. Although it is not clear from the judge's reasons, it appears that he found the defendant guilty of harassment, contrary to N.J.S.A. 2C:33-4.

That statute provides in pertinent part:

Harassment. Except as provided in subsection d., a person commits a petty disorderly persons offense if, with purpose to harass another, he:

a. Makes, or causes to be made, a communication or communications anonymously or at extremely inconvenient hours, or in offensively coarse language, or any other manner likely to cause annoyance or alarm;

b. Subjects another to striking, kicking, shoving, or other offensive touching, or threatens to do so; or

c. Engages in any other course of alarming conduct or of repeatedly committed acts with purpose to alarm or seriously annoy such other person.

A communication under subsection a. may be deemed to have been made either at the place where it originated or at the place where it was received.

[Ibid. (emphasis added).]

The judge here did not find that the husband acted with a purpose to harass his wife. On the contrary, the judge found that the husband's actions constituted domestic violence "despite what his motives or reasoning might have been." Further, the judge did not find that the defendant engaged in a "course of alarming conduct or of repeatedly committed acts with purpose to alarm or seriously annoy such other person." The absence of these findings vitiates the judge's ultimate conclusion that the defendant committed an act of domestic violence. See State v. J.T., 294 N.J.Super. 540, 683 A.2d 1166 (App.Div.1996).

Defendant's conduct may have been inappropriate or improper. However, there is some justification for his conduct. The bedroom door was open, not locked. His children were in the room. He was getting the children ready for school. He apparently wished to hug his child. In view of these considerations and the judge's failure to make requisite findings under the statute, this matter fits more readily within the category of "domestic contretemps" rather than a "matter of consequence."

We are also mindful that complaints charging domestic violence are often misused in order to get an "edge" in a matrimonial dispute. As we stated in Murray v. Murray, 267 N.J.Super. 406, 631 A.2d 984 (App.Div.1993):

[w]e are concerned, too, with the serious policy implications of permitting allegations of this nature to be branded as domestic violence and used by either spouse to secure rulings on critical issues such as support, exclusion from marital residence and property...