Nance v. Gentry, 81.

• Decision Date: 05 October 1942
• Docket Number: No. 81.,81.
• Parties: NANCE v. GENTRY.
• Court: Michigan Supreme Court

303 Mich. 121

5 N.W.2d 689

NANCE

v.GENTRY.

No. 81.

Supreme Court of Michigan.

Oct. 5, 1942.

Action at law by Mattie A. Nance against Claude Gentry to recover a balance due under an alleged oral agreement made after plaintiff and defendant had separated to pay plaintiff $600 in lieu of future support and maintenance. From a judgment in favor of plaintiff, defendant appeals.

Judgment affirmed.

Appeal from Circuit Court, Wayne County; Guy A. Miller, Judge.

Before the Entire Bench, except WIEST, J.

Hugh K. Davidson, of Detroit, for defendant and appellant.

Charles F. Meyler, of Detroit (Morris Magy, of Detroit, of counsel), for plaintiff and appellant.

BOYLES, Justice.

Plaintiff brought this action at law against her former husband for $540 claimed to be the balance due her on an alleged oral agreement made after they had separated to pay her $600 in lieu of future support and maintenance. The case was tried by jury, plaintiff had verdict and judgment, and on appeal the defendant claims that a former wife cannot recover against her former husband (after he has obtained a pro confesso divorce) on a verbal agreement for support entered into during coverture, and that the instant case is a collateral attack on the decree of divorce.

Shorn of unessential details, this is the factual situation: These parties were schoolteachers, married in Kentucky in 1923, lived there in the marital relation until 1932, when both resumed their studies in school. The husband came to Detroit in 1933, plaintiff followed him in October, they cohabited together only on one occasion, and there was a separation. In May of the succeeding year, 1934, plaintiff filed a complaint against defendant in the recorder's court of Wayne county, domestic relations division, the records of which indicate that defendant appeared on May 11 in response to a notice or request and promised to pay $8 per week for his wife's support. On May 17 these parties met at a hotel by appointment, and plaintiff testified:

‘Q. What transpired at the time you met him at the Tuller hotel? A. I called him there to know what personal effects he wanted of books, of furniture, of pictures, or anything that I had that he would like to have, and he told me what he would like to have. When I went home, I mailed them to him.

‘Q. Was there anything further discussed on that day? A. While we were talking together, he said, ‘Would you like to make a settlement on this right now?’ I said, ‘What do you mean?’ He said, ‘How much money do you want?’ Well, I said ‘Of course, you should pay me several thousand dollars.’ He said, ‘Girl, I do not have several thousand dollars. I am in debt, not making much myself.’ And we decided that since we had the bank stock and the car I would settle for $600.00.

‘Q. Did he agree to pay you the $600.00? A. He agreed to that.

‘Q. In what manner did he agree to pay you that $600.00? A. He said, ‘You know, you have to stay in Detroit to collect that $8 a week.’ I said, ‘Do I?’ He said, ‘Yes.’ I was thinking-‘You will spend it all for board and room if you stay here. Why not let me pay you $25 a month, and you could go anywhere you want to, go back to work or do anything you want to, and I will send you $25 a month.’

‘Q. What was the $8 a week you refer to? A. $8 a week was awarded me by Mrs. Rutledge in the domestic relations court.

‘Mr. Davidson: I object to it on the same ground, if the court please.

‘The Court: It is a matter they were talking about. It may stand.

‘Q. Was there any conversation between Mr. Gentry and yourself at that time as to manner you would provide for yourself after that date, May 17? A. I would go out and make my own living.

‘Q. Was anything said to you with reference to the $8 a week? A. He said, ‘Take that out of the hands of the court, because it will relieve me of any embarrassment, and I will just send you the $25 instead of paying that $8 to the court.’

‘Q. Did you see Mr. Gentry after May 17? A. He says, ‘Now, if you will agree to this,’ on that same meeting, he said, ‘If you will agree to this, you come down in the morning to that court, and tell her, and then I will meet you here tomorrow afternoon, and if you have done that I will pay you the first $25.’

‘I went down to court the next morning and attended to it, and went to the hotel that afternoon, and he paid me the first $25. I gave him a receipt for the $25, he asked me for it. I continued to live in Detroit until June 9. On June 6 his brother, the one that is present here this afternoon, brings in an envelope to my brother's apartment, containing $25, one night. That was the second payment.

‘Q. Did you give him a receipt? A. I seems to me I mailed one the next day. On June 9 I left Detroit and went back to Slaughters, to my mother's home.

‘Q. Subsequent to May, 1934, did the defendant, Mr. Gentry, pay you any money during the month of June and July? A. That was for the month of June, the second payment. In July I heard nothing from him. In August, the first, I heard nothing. So along about the 5th or 6th, I wrote him that he is not going to keep up his agreement. By return mail I got a letter.’

The letter enclosed $10 and stated:

‘This is all I have now.

‘You may send receipt and rest will follow next time.’

Shortly afterward plaintiff received a second letter from defendant stating: ‘I will however send you some more as soon as possible,’ and asking about a divorce. The defendant does not squarely deny the agreement. When asked about it on cross-examination, he said:

‘Q. You want us to believe this agreement testified to by Miss Nance is somethingshe brought up out of the clear sky? A. I do not think that is for me to answer.’

In September, 1934, defendant filed a bill for divorce in Wayne county, obtained substituted service of an order of publication on plaintiff herein by registered mail. She was defaulted for nonappearance and on January 24, 1935, the defendant herein obtained a pro confesso decree of divorce.

The contract on which this suit is bottomed was made during coverture after the parties had separated. In considering the validity of contracts made between husband and wife during coverture for future support of the wife, Cooley, C. J., in Randall v. Randall, 37 Mich. 563, said: ‘The chief difficulties with such contracts are encountered when they undertake to provide for a separation of the parties and a breaking up of the marriage either with or without a divorce. It is not the policy of the law to encourage such separations, or to favor them by supporting such arrangements as are calculated to bring them about. It has...