Nastrom v. Nastrom

• Decision Date: 13 January 1978
• Docket Number: No. 9375,9375
• Citation: 262 N.W.2d 487
• Parties: Sharon NASTROM, Plaintiff and Appellant, v. Ned NASTROM, Defendant and Appellee. Civ.
• Court: North Dakota Supreme Court

Page 487

262 N.W.2d 487

Sharon NASTROM, Plaintiff and Appellant, v. Ned NASTROM, Defendant and Appellee.

Civ. No. 9375.

Supreme Court of North Dakota.

Jan. 13, 1978.

As Amended on Denial of Rehearing Feb. 2, 1978.

Daniel J. Chapman, Bismarck, for plaintiff and appellant.

Lundberg, Conmy, Nodland, Rosenberg, Lucas & Schulz, Bismarck, for defendant and appellee; argued by Patrick A. Conmy, Bismarck.

PEDERSON, Justice.

Sharon Nastrom sought and was granted a divorce from Ned Nastrom on the ground of irreconcilable differences. She appeals from portions of the decree of the Burleigh County District Court, contending that the division of property is inequitable and clearly erroneous, and that a provision that alimony payments terminate should she remarry is clearly erroneous. We reverse and remand.

Sharon and Ned were married at International Falls, Minnesota, on April 16, 1954. Both were then very young and neither brought property into the marriage. Since then they have prospered and, when the divorce was granted in February 1977, they possessed substantial real, personal and business assets. Children were born of the marriage, though only one, a son now 17, has not attained his majority.

I.

Much of Sharon's argument is directed toward the condition of remaining unmarried, placed upon her continued receipt of alimony payments. She asks this Court to determine that the alimony is actually in the nature of a property settlement and should continue regardless of her remarriage.

In Sinkler v. Sinkler, 49 N.D. 1144, 194 N.W. 817 (1923), the North Dakota Supreme Court held that an award of "alimony" could not be modified pursuant to the statutory predecessor of § 14-05-24, NDCC Section 4405, C.L.1913. The decision was based on the trial court's findings of fact, and concluded that the term "alimony" was not used in its technical sense, but instead referred to cash payments made as a distribution of the estate of the parties. The court then stated, ". . . notwithstanding statutes giving control over the decree with right to modify the same, . . . a judgment decreeing specific real property or finally distributing the estate is a final judgment, and cannot be modified, except, of course, in the same manner and on the same grounds as other judgments." (Cites omitted.) 194 N.W. at 820. See also, Dietz v. Dietz, 65 N.W.2d 470 (N.D.1954), and Sabot v. Sabot, 187 N.W.2d 59 (N.D.1971).

We agree that, were the alimony ordered by the trial court in the nature of a property settlement, it would be improper for the court to order it terminated upon Sharon's remarriage. It is, however, also true that, if this Court can determine from the circumstances that the words used by the trial court were intended to describe alimony in its technical sense, a modification is proper upon a showing of changed circumstances. See § 14-05-24, NDCC; Hoster v. Hoster, 216 N.W.2d 698 (N.D.1974). We have said that remarriage makes out "a prima facie case which requires the court to end (alimony payments), in the absence of proof of some extraordinary circumstance justifying its continuance." Nugent v. Nugent, 152 N.W.2d 323, 327 (N.D.1967).

In this case the trial court's conclusion of law number 2 states:

"That the plaintiff is entitled to an equitable distribution of the properties of the parties acquired during the marriage, and alimony for life, or until remarriage." (Emphasis added.)

In number 8 of the trial court's findings of fact, the approximate net worth of the parties is set at $160,000.00, and in the order for judgment Sharon is awarded property with a value of approximately one-half of that net worth. From this we can only conclude that the trial court used the term alimony in its technical sense and not as a tool to accomplish a distribution of the property of the parties.

Sharon argues next that alimony should be nonterminable because it represents her interest in Ned's earning capacity, a capacity which developed, with her help, during the marriage. Because that argument is more consistent with the challenge to the property settlement, and because of what we have already said in regard to the order for alimony, we will discuss that argument when we consider the challenge to the property settlement.

Sharon also argues that, should this Court determine that the award of alimony is not part of the property settlement, the alimony termination should not come into play automatically upon her remarriage. She suggests that her remarriage should only provide a potential occasion for Ned to seek a termination of the alimony payments. We prefer the method chosen by the trial court. In Nugent, the reason given for seeking to have the alimony continued after the wife remarried was her second husband's inability to support her in the manner to which she was accustomed. The view was there taken that those facts did not constitute such extraordinary circumstances as to justify the continuance of alimony or support payments. In the case at hand, no remarriage has taken place so no extraordinary circumstances can be set forth. Sharon only argues that she should be free to marry a "wonderful pauper." This assertion is clearly insufficient to meet the test of Nugent. See also, Bingert v. Bingert, 247 N.W.2d 464, 468 (N.D.1976). ¹

The proponent of the continuance of alimony payments following remarriage carries a considerable burden. It would be a waste of judicial time to require the party who brings with him "a prima facie case" (see Nugent, supra ) to act as the petitioner, yet leaving all of the burden on the respondent. Far better to leave Sharon to act as petitioner with the onus of seeking a modification of the decree based upon changed circumstances should she find herself contemplating a remarriage which might provide the extraordinary circumstances required by Nugent. See § 14-05-24, NDCC.

II.

It is next contended that the division of property made by the trial court is inequitable and does not meet the requirements of § 14-05-24, NDCC.

The finding of the value of the parties' property may be crucial to a resolution of the question of equitable distribution of that property. The trial court made no findings of fact with regard to the value of individual items of property, though there was some evidence of value of many of the significant items before the court.

In this case, where much of the property is difficult to value, where there is a conflict in the evidence as to the value of some properties, where the only evidence as to the worth of other properties is a veiled hint that they are worthless because they are heavily financed, and where the evidence of the value of one property, the interest in Nastrom-Peterson Motors, Inc., is widely divergent even though all of that evidence originated with Ned, we are provided with no sufficient basis for computing the property's value by any method other than guesswork. In Roberson v. Roberson, 296 Minn. 476, 206 N.W.2d 347 (1973), the Minnesota Supreme Court, in a per curiam opinion, remanded a similar case for the making of findings of fact in regard to the value of a business. We cannot apply that remedy because, as even a cursory glance at the record reveals, there is a paucity of evidence upon which to base those findings.

The efforts of the trial court to reach an equitable settlement of the parties' property interests appear to be based upon one of its findings of fact. That finding of fact, number 8, states: "That the present net worth of the parties is approximately One Hundred Sixty Thousand Dollars ($160,000.00)," and is said to be clearly erroneous.

The net worth of the parties is found in the evidence in only one place, an unaudited statement of Ned's assets and liabilities compiled by the Minnesota accounting firm of Anderson & Seiberlich, certified public accountants. If this evidence is the basis for finding of fact number 8, the finding is necessarily clearly erroneous, without resort to a determination of its accuracy, because the following assets of the Nastroms' are nowhere mentioned:

1. Mobile home located near Tappen, North Dakota;

2. Ninety shares of stock in Nastrom Peterson Motors, valued at from $262 per share to $388 per share;

3. Twelve and one-half percent interest in Dick Fischer Motors of Glasgow, Montana;

4. Twenty-five percent interest in Dan Porter Motors of Dickinson, North Dakota;

5. A partnership interest in Northern Properties, holder of an undeveloped business lot in Williston, North Dakota;

6. Twenty-two and one-half percent interest in Triple A Corporation, a leasing enterprise.

Findings of the trial court will not be disturbed unless they are found to be clearly erroneous. Rule 52(a), NDRCivP. We have said that a trial court's findings are clearly erroneous when the reviewing court is left with a definite and firm conviction that a mistake has been made. In re Estate of Elmer, 210 N.W.2d 815 (N.D.1973), The trial court relied upon a list of the parties' property which ignores certain items, some of which are clearly shown to have substantial value. The lack of necessary evidence to permit the court to make a correct finding is the responsibility of counsel, not of the court. It cannot be corrected by amended findings. Justice requires that additional evidence on property valuation be received.

Because there must be a new trial, we deem it appropriate to discuss the proposition, forcefully argued before this Court, that Sharon has some sort of property interest in the income-producing ability of Ned. This entrepreneurial ability of Ned is said to be an asset of the marriage which was contributed to by Sharon and which is, therefore, subject to consideration as a part of the division of property. This position was taken as a basis for seeking the continuance of alimony after remarriage. We have determined that the award of alimony in the manner ordered by the trial court was entirely proper. We therefore must determine if such...