NAT. CONGRESS OF HISPANIC AM. CIT.(EL CONGRESO) v. Dunlop

• Decision Date: 07 October 1975
• Docket Number: Civ. A. No. 2142-73.
• Citation: 425 F. Supp. 900
• Parties: NATIONAL CONGRESS OF HISPANIC AMERICAN CITIZENS (EL CONGRESO) et al., Plaintiffs, v. John T. DUNLOP, Secretary of Labor, et al., Defendants.
• Court: U.S. District Court — District of Columbia

425 F. Supp. 900

NATIONAL CONGRESS OF HISPANIC AMERICAN CITIZENS (EL CONGRESO) et al., Plaintiffs, v. John T. DUNLOP, Secretary of Labor, et al., Defendants.

Civ. A. No. 2142-73.

United States District Court, District of Columbia.

October 7, 1975.

Miriam D. Guido, Migrant Legal Action Program, Robert S. Catz, Washington, D.C., for plaintiffs.

Robert M. Werdig, Asst. U.S. Atty., Washington, D.C., for defendants.

MEMORANDUM OPINION

JUNE L. GREEN, District Judge.

This matter came before the Court on Cross motions for Summary Judgment. In question is defendants', John T. Dunlop, Secretary of Labor, et al., compliance with provisions of the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 (hereinafter the Act), 29 U.S.C. § 651 et seq. and the Administrative Procedure Act, 5 U.S.C. § 706 et seq.

Plaintiffs filed this action on December 5, 1973, as RASSA, the Raza Association of Spanish Surnamed Americans, incorporated in the District of Columbia, to seek review of defendants' failure to act on permanent agricultural Occupational Safety and Health Standards: namely, field sanitation, personal protective equipment, rollover protection, machinery guarding, nuisance dust and noise (standards). On February 6, 1974, defendants filed a motion to dismiss in part and for partial summary judgment. Defendants' motion was denied.

The plaintiff organization (RASSA) changed its name effective January 1975, to National Congress of Hispanic American Citizens (El Congreso). Plaintiffs, on March 13, 1975, filed a motion for summary judgment. They sought an order compelling defendants to issue proposed field sanitation and personal protective equipment standards immediately; to issue final farm safety equipment and rollover protection standards immediately; to proceed to consider dust and noise standards expeditiously; and to comply with the time deadlines set out in the Act in future proceedings. On April 30, 1975, defendants filed a cross-motion for summary judgment.

The Occupational Safety and Health Act is intended "to assure so far as possible every working man and woman in the Nation safe and healthful working conditions." 29 U.S.C. § 651(b). This is particularly important because the life expectancy of migrant farm workers is the lowest of any line of endeavor. The Act authorizes the Secretary of Labor to set mandatory occupational safety and health standards applicable to businesses affecting interstate commerce. 29 U.S.C. § 651(b)(3). The Act directs the Secretary to promulgate standards which will serve the objectives of the Act. 29 U.S.C. § 655(b)(1). Standards under the Act are typically promulgated through an administrative procedure, which may be commenced by a petition for promulgation of a standard from any interested person to the Secretary. 29 U.S.C. § 655(b)(1). Whenever the Secretary determines that a rule should be promulgated on the basis of a petition or other information, he may either request the recommendation of an advisory committee or publish the proposed rule for comment in the Federal Register. 29 U.S.C. § 655(b)(1)(2).

When the Secretary requests the recommendations of an advisory committee, the committee is required to submit its recommendations to the Secretary within ninety days from the date of its appointment or within such longer or shorter period as may be prescribed by the Secretary, but in no event for a period longer than two hundred and seventy days. 29 U.S.C. § 655(b)(1). When an advisory committee has been appointed and the Secretary determines that a rule should be issued, the Secretary must publish the proposed rule in the Federal Register within sixty days after the submission of the advisory committee's recommendations or the expiration of the period prescribed by the Secretary for such submission. 29 U.S.C. § 655(b)(2).

Following publication in the Federal Register, the Act requires that interested persons be given thirty days to submit written data or comments. 29 U.S.C. § 655(b)(2). During the same thirty-day period, any interested person may file written objections and request a public hearing thereon. 29 U.S.C. § 655(b)(3). Within thirty days after the last day for filing such objections, the Secretary is required to publish in the Federal Register a notice specifying the standard to which objections have been filed and a hearing requested, and specifying a time and place for such hearing. 29 U.S.C. § 655(b)(3). Within sixty days after the period for filing comments or, if objection and request for hearing have been timely filed, within sixty days after the the hearing, the Secretary must take action on the standard. 29 U.S.C. § 655(b)(4). Any standard accompanied by a statement of the reasons for it, must be published in the Federal Register. 29 U.S.C. § 655(e).

Plaintiffs, in their motion for summary judgment pursuant to Rule 56 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, contend that defendants have violated the time periods specified in 29 U.S.C. § 655(b)(1-4); have unlawfully withheld and unreasonably delayed agency action, in violation of 5 U.S.C. § 706(1), the Administrative Procedure Act (hereinafter APA); have abused their discretion in violation of 5 U.S.C. § 706; and have failed to assure safe and healthful working conditions, in violation of 29 U.S.C. § 655(b)(1).

With regard to plaintiffs' request for an order compelling immediate development and issuance of rollover protective structures (hereinafter ROPS) for agriculture tractors, such request is denied for lack of Article III jurisdiction. A final ROPS standard was published on April 25, 1975 in the Federal Register. 40 Fed.Reg. 18254 (1975). Since the relief sought by plaintiffs has already been obtained, no allegedly unlawful withholding of agency action by the Secretary exists and this request is moot. Taylor v. McElroy, 360 U.S. 709, 79 S.Ct. 1428, 3 L.Ed.2d 1528 (1959); Gray v. Trustees, 342 U.S. 517, 72 S.Ct. 432, 96 L.Ed. 540 (1952); Coach Employees v. Wisconsin Employment Relations Board, 340 U.S. 416, 71 S.Ct. 373, 95 L.Ed. 389 (1951). Where plaintiffs request a result which has already been granted by defendants, their request must be denied.

Defendants correctly recognize that the time limits specified in Section 655(b) are not merely horatory, since they evince a Congressional expectation that permanent OSHA rulemaking will be expeditiously completed. Nevertheless, defendants contend that they have the discretion to violate the time frame set out in the Occupational Safety and Health Act and the directives of the APA. They argue that their delay in promulgation of agricultural standards is authorized by Section 655(g).¹ Finally, defendants contend that resource allocation problems excuse compliance with mandatory provisions of the law. None of the defendants' arguments are persuasive in view of clear violations of the Occupational Safety and Health Act and the APA.

The Secretary is required to comply with the mandatory procedures established by the Occupational Safety and Health Act for the promulgation of standards. The mandatory nature of the timetable set out in the Act is clear, both from the language and the intent of the Act. The Act provides that the Secretary "shall" take the specified steps within the time frame set out in the Act. Such language is clearly intended by Congress to be mandatory and not merely directory. See, Escoe v. Zerbst, 295 U.S. 490, 55 S.Ct. 818, 79 L.Ed. 1566 (1935). The specific time frame was placed in the Act to assure that procedures for developing criteria and promulgating regulations would proceed as swiftly as possible. The Secretary is not imbued with discretion to proceed as he deems fit, but rather must adhere to the timetable spelled out in the Act.

Defendants' contention that their delay in promulgation of standards is...