National Business Brokers v. Jim Williamson

• Court: U.S. District Court — District of Colorado
• Writing for the Court: Brimmer
• Citation: National Business Brokers v. Jim Williamson, 115 F.Supp.2d 1250 (D. Colo. 2000)
• Decision Date: 31 August 2000
• Docket Number: No. CIV. A. 00-WY-419-CB.,CIV. A. 00-WY-419-CB.
• Parties: NATIONAL BUSINESS BROKERS, LTD., a Colorado Limited Partnership, Plaintiff, v. JIM WILLIAMSON PRODUCTIONS, INC., a Louisiana Corporation, Jim Williamson, an individual, Kevin Briley, an individual, and Margorie Briley, an individual, Defendants.

115 F.Supp.2d 1250

NATIONAL BUSINESS BROKERS, LTD., a Colorado Limited Partnership, Plaintiff, v. JIM WILLIAMSON PRODUCTIONS, INC., a Louisiana Corporation, Jim Williamson, an individual, Kevin Briley, an individual, and Margorie Briley, an individual, Defendants.

No. CIV. A. 00-WY-419-CB.

United States District Court, D. Colorado.

August 31, 2000.

COPYRIGHT MATERIAL OMITTED

Kelly Anderson Evans, Snell & Wilmer, LLP, Robert James Bruce, Lindsey & Bruce, Denver, CO, for Defendants.

ORDER DISMISSING CLAIMS AGAINST DEFENDANTS JIM WILLIAMSON AND JIM WILLIAMSON PRODUCTIONS, INC., AND DENYING MOTION FOR RECONSIDERATION

BRIMMER, District Judge.

This matter was before the Court on Defendant Jim Williamson's motion to dismiss for lack of personal jurisdiction. The Court held a hearing on the matter on Thursday, August 3, 2000. Counsel for Plaintiff National Business Brokers, Ltd. ("NBB") failed to attend the hearing. At the hearing, the Court learned that on July 31, 2000, three days prior to the hearing, NBB moved to amend its Complaint to add Jim Williamson Productions, Inc. ("JWP") as a Defendant to this action. After hearing oral argument from counsel for Defendants, the Court dismissed all claims against both Williamson and JWP without prejudice on grounds that NBB failed to establish a prima facie case of personal jurisdiction over these Defendants. The day after the hearing, pursuant to a minute order issued by United States Magistrate Judge O.E. Schlatter, NBB filed a First Amended Complaint naming JWP as a party to this action.

The matter is currently before the Court on NBB's motion to reconsider the Court's oral Order dismissing without prejudice Williamson and JWP from the case. NBB requests that the matter be re-argued, and asserts that it was improper to dismiss JWP before JWP became a party to this action. Before addressing NBB's motion to reconsider, the Court shall first explain its reasons for dismissing NBB's claims against Williamson and JWP.

Background

This case arises out of Listing Agreements for the sale of a business. Defendant Jim Williamson, a citizen and resident of Louisiana, is a shareholder and President of JWP. JWP is a Louisiana corporation with its principal place of business in that state. The record contains no indication that Williamson or JWP has ever conducted business in Colorado.

NBB operates as an intermediary bringing together buyers and sellers of businesses. NBB solicited the commercial listing and sale of JWP's wholly owned subsidiary, Educational Video Resources. The Listing Agreement that forms the basis of this lawsuit was sent by NBB to JWP in Louisiana. Williamson signed the Listing Agreement on behalf of JWP in Louisiana. NBB alleges that Williamson entered into a revised version of the Listing Agreement containing essentially the same terms. NBB further alleges that from April to September 1999, Williamson contacted NBB numerous times (NBB alleges approximately 138 facsimile and telephone contacts) requesting information and services consistent with the terms of the original and revised Listing Agreements.

In September 1999, Defendants Kevin and Margorie Briley contacted NBB to inquire about the sale of Educational Video Resources. After executing an agreement with the Brileys, NBB referred the Brileys to JWP and Williamson in Louisiana. JWP ultimately sold the video business to the Brileys for approximately $1.45 million. NBB never received any commission on the sale and brings this action for breach of contract, promissory estoppel, unjust enrichment, and tortious interference with contract. The Court exercises subject matter jurisdiction over this action pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1332, diversity of citizenship.

Analysis

1. Explanation of Order Granting Motion to Dismiss

Where a defendant challenges a court's in personam jurisdiction,

[t]he plaintiff bears the burden of establishing personal jurisdiction over the defendant. ... Prior to trial, however, when a motion to dismiss for lack of jurisdiction is decided on the basis of affidavits and other written materials, the plaintiff need only make a prima facie showing.... The allegations in the complaint must be taken as true to the extent they are uncontroverted by the defendant's affidavits.... If the parties present conflicting affidavits, all factual disputes are resolved in the plaintiff's favor, and the plaintiff's prima facie showing is sufficient notwithstanding the contrary presentation by the moving party.

Behagen v. Amateur Basketball Ass'n, 744 F.2d 731, 733 (10th Cir.1984) (citations omitted). To establish personal jurisdiction in a diversity case, such as this one, a plaintiff must show both that jurisdiction is proper under the forum state's long-arm statute and that exercise of personal jurisdiction over the defendant comports with the Due Process Clause of the United States Constitution. See Equifax Servs., Inc. v. Hitz, 905 F.2d 1355, 1357 (10th Cir.1990).

For the first step of the analysis, the Court turns to Colorado's long-arm statute, which establishes personal jurisdiction over defendants who, either in person or by an agent, engage in various activities within the state including the transaction of business and the commission of a tortious act. See Colo.Rev.Stat. § 13-1-124(1)(a)-(b) (1999). Under Colorado law, this Court may exercise personal jurisdiction to the full extent of the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. See Dart Int'l, Inc. v. Interactive Target Sys., Inc., 877 F.Supp. 541, 543 (D.Colo.1995) (citing Safari Outfitters, Inc. v. Superior Court, 167 Colo. 456, 448 P.2d 783 (Colo.1968)). Thus, the Court's analysis collapses into a single inquiry, whether the exercise of personal jurisdiction over Williamson and JWP comports with due process. Federal law, not state law, guides the due process analysis. See Cubbage v. Merchent, 744 F.2d 665, 667 (9th Cir.1984).

"The Due Process Clause protects an individual's liberty interest in not being subject to the binding judgments of a forum with which he has established no meaningful `contacts, ties, or relations.'" Burger King Corp. v. Rudzewicz, 471 U.S. 462, 471-72, 105 S.Ct. 2174, 85 L.Ed.2d 528 (1985) (quoting International Shoe Co. v. State of Washington, 326 U.S. 310, 319, 66 S.Ct. 154, 90 L.Ed. 95 (1945)). To stay within due process limitations, a forum may exercise personal jurisdiction only over defendants that have "certain minimum contacts [with the jurisdiction] ... such that the maintenance of the suit does not offend `traditional notions of fair play and substantial justice.'" International Shoe, 326 U.S. at 316, 66 S.Ct. 154 (quoting Milliken v. Meyer, 311 U.S. 457, 463, 61 S.Ct. 339, 85 L.Ed. 278 (1940)). The "minimum contacts" standard may be satisfied in either of two ways—general or specific jurisdiction. See Kuenzle v. HTM Sport-Und Freizeitgerate AG, 102 F.3d 453, 455 (10th Cir.1996). General jurisdiction over the defendant exists where the defendant's contacts with the forum are "continuous and systematic." See Trierweiler v. Croxton & Trench Holding Corp., 90 F.3d 1523, 1533 (10th Cir.1996) (quoting Helicopteros Nacionales de Colombia, S.A. v. Hall, 466 U.S. 408, 415-16 & n. 9, 104 S.Ct. 1868, 80 L.Ed.2d 404 (1984)). In this case, NBB does not argue that Williamson and JWP are subject to the Court's general jurisdiction. Rather, NBB contends these Defendants have sufficient contacts with the forum state to subject them to the Court's specific jurisdiction. "Specific jurisdiction may be exercised where the defendant has `purposefully directed' its activities toward the forum jurisdiction and where the underlying action is based upon activities that arise out of or relate to the defendant's contacts with the forum." Kuenzle, 102 F.3d at 456 (quotation omitted).

"Purposeful availment requires actions by the Defendant which `create a substantial connection with the forum state.'" OMI Holdings, Inc. v. Royal Ins. Co., 149 F.3d 1086 (10th Cir.1998) (quoting Asahi Metal Indus. Co. v. Superior Court of Cal., 480 U.S. 102, 109, 107 S.Ct. 1026, 94 L.Ed.2d 92 (1987)). The record before the Court demonstrates that Williamson, on behalf of JWP, entered into at least two Listing Agreements with NBB and initiated numerous telephone and facsimile communications with NBB regarding those agreements. There is no indication, however, that Williamson or JWP has had any other contacts with Colorado. The law is clear that a party does not submit itself to personal jurisdiction in a distant forum simply by entering into a contract with a party that resides in that forum. See Ruggieri v. General Well Serv., Inc., 535 F.Supp. 525, 535 (D.Colo.1982) ("Jurisdiction is not proper in Colorado merely because one of the parties to the contract [is] a Colorado resident."). The same holds true even in cases where the defendant enters the forum state to discuss some of the details of the contract. See Associated Inns & Restaurant Co. v. Development Assocs., 516 F.Supp. 1023, 1026 (D.Colo. 1981).

The Court finds the facts of this case analogous to those presented in Automated Quill, Inc. v. Chernow, 455 F.Supp. 428 (D.Colo.1978). The parties in that case entered into a license agreement regarding use of certain computer programs. Id. at 429. The plaintiff, a Colorado corporation, brought suit in this Court alleging breach of the agreement. Id. The defendants, a Florida corporation and three citizens of the state of Florida, moved to dismiss for lack of personal jurisdiction on grounds that the agreement had been executed in Florida, none of the defendants transacted business in Colorado, and none had entered Colorado during negotiation of the agreement. In granting the defendants' motion, Judge Kane wrote:

Defendants did not come into Colorado for either negotiations or execution of the licensing agreement in question; they did not initiate any activity peculiar to Colorado which was undertaken on defendants behalf; the...