Nees v. Culbertson

Decision Date21 November 1966
Docket NumberCiv. No. 5182.
Citation260 F. Supp. 791
PartiesRobert P. NEES v. R. E. CULBERTSON, Sheriff Jefferson County, Texas.
CourtU.S. District Court — Eastern District of Texas

M. Herbert Oldham, Philip Bordages, Beaumont, Tex., for plaintiff.

Waggoner Carr, Atty. Gen., Austin, Tex., W. C. Lindsey, Criminal Dist. Atty., Beaumont, Tex., for defendant.

MEMORANDUM OPINION

FISHER, District Judge.

Petitioner filed for Writ of Habeas Corpus, and by agreement an oral hearing was not held. Counsel for Petitioner and the State have stipulated that the certified record of the Court of Criminal Appeals of Texas in Cause No. 38912, styled Nees v. The State of Texas, 402 S.W.2d 186 (Tex.Cr.App.1966) shall be deemed to be introduced as the entire evidence submitted in connection with this cause.

On December 4, 1964, Petitioner on a plea of not guilty was convicted by a jury of violation of Article 95, Vernon's Annotated Penal Code1 and assessed a punishment of four years in the penitentiary. Appeal was taken to the Court of Criminal Appeals of Texas where the judgement was affirmed and a motion for rehearing was denied.

The issues raised in the Petition for Writ of Habeas Corpus are the same as those raised on appeal before the State Court, and as to such issues, therefore, State remedies have been sufficiently exhausted and a Federal Court may grant an application for habeas corpus.2

Petitioner asserts that his detention is unlawful and in violation of his Federal constitutional rights as follows.

First, that he was denied due process of law, a fair trial and effective right of counsel, in that he was not fully informed of the nature and cause of the charges against him in advance of trial, in that he was charged in the indictment with taking a sum certain of money on a specific date and the state, over his objections, was permitted to introduce evidence of deficiencies in his account over a period of a year. Also over the objection of Petitioner, the trial court instructed the jury that if they found beyond a reasonable doubt that the Petitioner unlawfully converted any sum of money from November 28, 1958 (the date the statute of limitations tolled the time), through November 27, 1961 (the date the grand jury returned the indictment), they would find the defendant guilty. Further, that the approval of the Court of Criminal Appeals of this procedure and interpretation of Article 396, Section 6 of the Code of Criminal Procedure of Texas, 1952,3 resulted in the defendant-petitioner having no notice of the nature and cause of the accusation against him and denied him effective counsel in that counsel did not know the type of proof he would be required to refute.

As his second ground, Petitioner states that he was denied due process of law by the introduction of a confession into evidence which statement was taken without having been advised of his right to counsel prior to the taking of the confession.

In regard to the first ground, I find the facts correctly stated by the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals:

"The proof shows and it is undisputed that the Petitioner was duly appointed, qualified, and acting deputy sheriff of Jefferson County at the time here in question (SF 18-20) The Petitioner as such officer was assigned the duties of chief clerk of the sheriff's office (SF 387). These duties were to receive and to account for ALL funds paid to the sheriff's office in payment of fines, judgments, tax sales, and other matters for which funds were collected, and to issue receipts for cash, checks, and ALL funds, and to deposit, disburse, and make a monthly report." (SF 70-72, 387, 388) (Emphasis added). 402 S.W.2d 186, 187.
"The evidence reveals that the Port Arthur Independent School District issued its check dated July 10, 1959, in the sum of $312.35, payable to the sheriff of Jefferson County for a cost bill covering several tax suits (SF 36); that no receipt was issued for this check and there was no accounting for the check in any of the petitioner's monthly reports of disbursements (SF 205); that the school district did not receive any further bill or demands for payments of the matter covered by this check (SF 44); that the said check according to the deposit slips was deposited and returned to and paid by the drawee bank of the school district (SF 38). The total receipts issued for the month of July, 1959, were $4,372.69, while the total deposited was $2,786.22. The total deposit in the bank for July, 1959, should have been $4,685.04. (SF 179). The testimony reveals a deposit July 30, 1959 of a check in the amount of $312.35 which was not shown on the receipts (SF 178). The check for $312.35 is not shown in the monthly report of July, 1959, and the audit of the records of that office until December 5, 1961, does not account for the check other than its deposit and the check stub." 402 S.W.2d 186, 188, 189 (Citations to the Statement of Facts added.)

Rather than resting their case at this point, the State elected to go further and introduce the records of Petitioner for the months of December 1958 through December 1959, (excluding July 1959) as its exhibits Nos. 20-30, all of which showed discrepancies on the part of the Petitioner. These were "not offered for the limited purpose to show motive, intent and design, but for all purposes" (SF 290), and were so accepted. It is upon this acceptance that the Petitioner bases part of his first ground of exception. This evidence is admissible under the widely accepted evidentiary rule that evidence is admissable if it tends directly or fairly to prove defendant's guilt of the crime charged, or to connect him with it or tends to establish a scheme, plan, or system, Tandberg-Hanssen v. United States, 284 F.2d 331, 333 (10th Cir. 1960); Jencks v. United States, 226 F.2d 540, 548 (5th Cir. 1955) rev'd on other grounds, 353 U.S. 657, 77 S.Ct. 1007, 1 L.Ed.2d 1103 (1957).

As to the matter of relevancy, this is an evidentiary question which the Supreme Court has held to be a matter within the realm of state courts, Lisenba v. People of State of California, 314 U.S. 219, 62 S.Ct. 280, 86 L.Ed. 166 (1941), and is therefore not reviewable here on a Petition for Habeas Corpus.

As to the trial court charging the jury to consider as the date of conversion any date or day between November 28, 1958 and November 27, 1961, no authority is cited by Petitioner for the proposition that this is a denial of counsel and therefore a violation of his constitutional rights reviewable by this court in a habeas corpus proceeding; nor has the court been able to find such authority. Suffice it to say that the instruction and interpretation of Article 396, Section 6, of the Code of Criminal Procedure of Texas 1925, "An indictment shall be deemed sufficient if it has the following requisites: 6. The time mentioned must be some date anterior to the presentment of the indictment, and not so remote that the prosecution of the offense is barred by limitation," seems to be the same as that pronounced in the Federal cases, Winslett v. United States, 124 F.2d 302 (5th Cir. 1942); Alexander v. United States, 271 F.2d 140 (8th Cir. 1959); United States v. Krepper, 159 F.2d 958 (3rd Cir. 1946) cert. denied, 330 U.S. 824, 67 S.Ct. 865, 91 L.Ed. 1275 (1947).

Although not raised in his petition for habeas corpus, Petitioner raises the question in his trial brief of the possibility of a fatal variance existing between the indictment, evidence and the charge of the trial court. The admissibility of evidence, the sufficiency of evidence, and instructions to the jury in state trials are matters of state law and procedure not involving Federal constitutional issues. It is only in circumstances impugning fundamental fairness or infringing specific constitutional protection that a federal question is presented. Grundler v. State of North Carolina, 283 F.2d 798, 801 (4th Cir. 1960); United States ex rel. Sliva v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, 196 F.Supp. 51 (E.D.Penn. 1961); Davis v. State of North Carolina, 196 F.Supp. 488 (E.D.N.C.1961), rev'd on other grounds, 310 F.2d 904 (4th Cir. 1962); Hammil v. Tinsley, 202 F. Supp. 76, 79 (D.Colo.1961); Morales v. Wilkinson, 283 F.2d 252 (5th Cir. 1960); Rhay v. Browder, 342 F.2d 345 (9th Cir. 1965). I do not find such circumstances in ...

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2 cases
  • Nees v. Culbertson
    • United States
    • U.S. Court of Appeals — Fifth Circuit
    • March 24, 1969
    ...to an investigator, which statement was admitted into evidence. Nees' petition was denied by the District Court, Nees v. Culbertson, E.D.Tex.1966, 260 F.Supp. 791, from which judgment he now appeals. We affirm the denial of the The status and duties of Nees at the time in question were neve......
  • Bouchillon v. Beto
    • United States
    • U.S. District Court — Northern District of Texas
    • January 15, 1969
    ...Johnson v. Middlebrooks, 5 Cir., 383 F.2d 386, 388 (1967); Fulford v. Dutton, 5 Cir., 380 F.2d 16, 17 (1967); Nees v. Culbertson, D.C.Tex., 260 F.Supp. 791 (1966). Petitioner further alleges that the State failed to prove that the judgment in the first prior conviction was final before the ......

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