Nelson v. U.S.A
Decision Date | 12 August 2010 |
Docket Number | D.C. Docket No. 3:08-cv-00508-MCR-EMT,No. 10-10730,10-10730 |
Parties | DAVID NELSON,Plaintiff-Appellant, v. UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,Plaintiff-Appellant, |
Court | U.S. Court of Appeals — Eleventh Circuit |
Before HULL, PRYOR and FAY, Circuit Judges.
Plaintiff David Nelson, proceeding pro se, appeals the district court's grant of summary judgment in favor of the defendant-appellee, the United States, on Nelson's tax refund action brought pursuant to 26 U.S.C. § 7422. On appeal, Nelson argues that his wages from a private sector job are not subject to federal taxation. Nelson also asserts that the district court abused its discretion in denying his motion to file a second amended complaint. After review, we affirm.
From 2002 to 2007, Nelson worked as an airline pilot for Northwest Airlines ("Northwest"), a private sector company. Each year from 2002 to 2007, Northwest reported Nelson's pay as "wages" to the IRS on a W-2 form and withheld federal income and Federal Insurance Contribution Act ("FICA") taxes. Nelson filed federal income tax returns or amended returns for 2002 to 2007. In his 2002 to 2007 returns, Nelson did not report any of the Northwest income as taxable and claimed refunds of $176,979.62, representing the federal income and FICA taxes that Northwest had withheld from his wages.
After receiving a tax refund from the IRS only for the year 2005, Nelson brought this 26 U.S.C. § 7422 action in federal court seeking a refund of the taxes on his earnings from Northwest for the years 2002 to 2004, 2006, and 2007.1
The district court denied Nelson's summary judgment motion on all of histax refund claims and granted summary judgment in favor of the United States on Nelson's claims for 2003, 2004, and 2007. The district court dismissed Nelson's claims for 2002 and 2006 for lack of jurisdiction, and, in the alternative, granted summary judgment in favor of the United States on those claims. The court denied Nelson's motion to file a second amended complaint, reasoning that his proposed second amended complaint merely re-asserted the claims in his first amended complaint and would be futile.
On appeal, Nelson challenges the district court's ruling as to his 2003, 2004, and 2007 tax refund claims but not his 2002 and 2006 claims.2 Specifically, Nelson argues that private sector income is not taxable by the federal government because the definition of "wages" in the Internal Revenue Code, 26 U.S.C. § 3401(a), does not apply to income from private sector jobs that are unconnected to the federal government.
Section 1 of the Internal Revenue Code imposes a tax on the "taxable income" of every individual. See 26 U.S.C. § 1(a)-(d); see also 26 U.S.C. § 3101 ( ). "Taxable income" is defined as "gross income minus the deductions allowed by this chapter." 26 U.S.C. § 63(a). 26 U.S.C. § 61(a)(1). In his amended complaint, Nelson concedes that Northwestern paid him in exchange for his work as a pilot from 2002 to 2007 and reported that pay as "wages."
We have repeatedly rejected arguments, such as Nelson's, asserting that private sector employment income is not subject to federal taxation. E.g., United States v. Morse, 532 F.3d 1130, 1132-33 (11th Cir. 2008) ( )(quotation marks omitted); Motes v. United States, 785 F.2d 928, 928 (11th Cir. 1986) ( ). Indeed, courts have imposed sanctions, even on pro se litigants, for raising such arguments. See, e.g., Morse, 532 F.3d at 1133 ( ). Thus, Nelson's non-taxable-income argument is foreclosed by our precedent, and the district court did not err in granting summary judgment in favor of the United States on Nelson's 2003, 2004, and 2007 refund claims.3
Nelson's reliance on 26 U.S.C. § 6051 does not help him because § 6051 does not impose a tax on Nelson, but instead provides only reporting requirements for his employer. In addition, courts consistently have rejected arguments like Nelson's that 26 U.S.C. § 3401(c) excludes private sector employees from federal taxation. See, e.g., Sullivan v. United States, 788 F.2d 813, 815 (1st Cir. 1986) ( ); United States v. Latham, 754 F.2d 747, 750 (7th Cir. 1985) .
Nelson also argues that the district court should have granted his motion to file a second amended complaint.4 The district court did not abuse its discretion in denying Nelson's motion because it properly concluded Nelson's proposed second amendment would have been futile. Nelson's proposed second amended complaint contained no new claims for relief, merely restated the relevant facts as to the claims presented in Nelson's first amended complaint, and reiterated the legal arguments he already had presented in his motion for summary judgment. As such, the proposed second amended complaint contained nothing that would have altered the district court's decision to grant summary judgment in favor of the United States. See Sibley v. Lando, 437 F.3d 1067, 1074 (11th Cir. 2005) ( ). And Nelson had already been given the opportunity to amend hisoriginal complaint once.
For all these reasons, we affirm the judgment of the district court.
AFFIRMED.
1. For tax year 2005, the IRS initially issued Nelson a full refund but now contends that refund was issued in error. The IRS has now reversed its decision to refund Nelson for the 2005 tax year and determined Nelson owes $10,490.39 for that year.
2.As to Nelson's 2002 and 2006 tax refund claims, the district court...
To continue reading
Request your trial