Nemeth v. Otis Elevator Co.

• Decision Date: 07 May 1959
• Docket Number: No. A--234,A--234
• Citation: 55 N.J.Super. 493,151 A.2d 58
• Parties: Joseph NEMETH, Petitioner-Respondent, v. OTIS ELEVATOR CO., Inc., Respondent-Appellant.
• Court: New Jersey Superior Court — Appellate Division

Page 493

55 N.J.Super. 493

151 A.2d 58

Joseph NEMETH, Petitioner-Respondent, v. OTIS ELEVATOR CO., Inc., Respondent-Appellant.

No. A--234.

Superior Court of New Jersey Appellate Division.

Argued April 13, 1959.

Decided May 7, 1959.

Edward E. Kuebler, Newark, for respondent-appellant.

Abram Simon, Paterson, for petitioner-respondent.

Before Judges GAULKIN, SULLIVAN and FOLEY.

The opinion of the court was delivered by

GAULKIN, J.A.D.

Claiming that he was injured on January 4, 1954, Joseph Nemeth filed his petition for workmen's compensation on June 12, 1954. He failed to prosecute his claim, and upon notice (given pursuant to R.S. 34:15--54 as amended by L.1947 c. 267, N.J.S.A.), the petition was dismissed in the Division on March 5, 1957. Almost a year later, on February 24, 1958, Nemeth's attorney served notice of application for an order restoring the claim petition to the trial calendar. The notice stated that the motion was being made pursuant to said statute 'upon the ground that there is a causal relationship between the injuries sustained by petitioner, which arose out of 'unless this application * * * is granted (sic).

The only affidavit submitted in support of the motion was one sworn to by petitioner's attorney. That affidavit offered not one word of explanation for the failure to prosecute, the acquiescence in the dismissal, or the delay in making application to re-open. The affidavit merely said that 'unless this application * * § granted the petitioner's cause of action will be barred by the Statute of Limitations, and the petitioner will be deprived of his day in court * * *. Your deponent (the attorney) further states that he is advised that the petitioner has a meritorious cause of action * * *.'

Upon the return day of the motion to reinstate, petitioner's counsel mentioned that petitioner had theretofore been represented by other counsel, but nothing was presented to the deputy to account for the want of prosecution, the acquiescence in the dismissal, or the delay. Nevertheless the deputy granted the motion. He said:

'There is no question in my mind there has been laxity on behalf of the moving party, either through the fault of the petitioner, or to a degree from counsel * * *

'It would be speculation as to where the fault may lie and I am not here to speculate * * *

'I realize there has been laxity, delay, undoubtedly unnecessary delay * * * However, I do not wish the petitioner to be deprived of his day in court * * * I feel my duty is to the petitioner, to give him his opportunity to have his day in court and I will grant the motion to restore * * *'

The employer appealed to the County Court from the resulting order. The County Court affirmed, in spite of the fact that Nemeth produced nothing more before the County Court than he had in the Division. From the judgment of the Court Court the employer nor appeals to this court, pursuant to leave granted under R.R. 2:2--3.

At the oral argument before us, Nemeth's counsel was uanble to give us any reason for the lack of prosecution or for the acquiescence in the dismissal until more than four years after the alleged injury, except the hypothesis that perhaps the previous attorneys did not have as much confidence in the case as present counsel has.

Appellant contends that under R.S. 34:15--54 as amended, N.J.S.A. a petition may be reinstated only upon 'good cause shown,' and that here there was nothing before the lower tribunals which constituted good cause justifying the reinstatement. Respondent, on the other hand, argues that (1) restoration to the list is a matter that lies within the judicial discretion of the deputy, reviewable only for abuse; (2) the fact that the statute had run against a new petition is in and of itself 'good cause' for reinstatement under the statute; and (3) even if it were not, it is a basis for the exercise of judicial discretion to reopen, sufficient to repel the charge that the discretion had been abused.

We find ourselves unable to agree with respondent. 'While it has been well said * * * that the exercise of discretion 'cannot ordinarily be brought to the test of any fixed and definite rule' (Palestroni v. Jacobs, supra (10 N.J.Super., (266), at page 273, 77 A.2d (183 (App.Div.1950)) at page 186)), it should also be stated that, generally, it must be a legal discretion, not capricious, arbitrary or amounting to a mere whim, and that the trial judge must take account of the law applicable to the particular circumstances and be governed accordingly. Implicit is conscientious judgment, directed by law and reason and looking to a just result.' Rossetti v. Public Service Coordinated Transport, 53 N.J.Super. 293, 297--298, 147 A.2d 269, 272 (App.Div.1958).

Whenever the words 'good cause' appear in statutes or rules relating to the opening of defaults they mean (in the absence of other modifying or controlling words) a substantial reason that affords legal excuse for the default. We insist, of course, that a litigant be given every reasonable opportunity to have his day in court; but there is also the 'strong public policy that there should be an end to a case in litigation.' Hines v. Royal Indemnity Company, 253 F.2d 111, 114, (6 Cir. 1958). That public policy has been recognized in our cases from earliest times. For example, in Murat v. Boulton, 13 N.J.L. 304 (Sup.Ct.1833), the court said

'where the conduct of a party has been entirely fair and the proceedings of the court below all regular, we never reverse the judgment in order to * * * have a trial on the merits. If we were to make a precedent of that kind, we should have to reverse every judgment by default * * * upon the defendant * * * making an affidavit of merits * * *'

It is as true today as it was in 1833 that a judgment will not be reopened without a showing of excuse for the default as well as merit. A party 'is not to be penalized or made accountable for the indifference, or inertia,' of his adversary. Hanover Trust Co. v. Rizzo, 110 N.J.L. 581, 583, 166 A. 326, 327 (Sup.Ct.1933). 'It is a settled rule that a default judgment will not be reopened on the mere ground of neglect or inadvertence. To justify the vacation of a default judgment, there must be factual proof that the neglect or inadvertence is actually excusable.' Ballurio v. Companaro, 30 N.J.Super. 548, 551, 105 A.2d 427, 428 (App.Div.1954).

Cf. Bowman v. Bambara, 28 N.J.Super. 92, 100 A.2d 357 (App.Div.1953); Schulwitz v. Shuster, 27 N.J.Super. 554, 99 A.2d 845 (App.Div.1953); Williams v. Knox, 10 N.J.Super. 384, 76 A.2d 712 (Law Div.1950). Our courts have, 'in furtherance of the interests of justice,' applied to administrative proceedings the principles which govern the setting aside of defaults in the courts. Stone v. Dugan Brothers of N.J., 1 N.J.Super. 13, 61 A.2d 740 (App.Div.1948).

To implement that public policy we have statutes of limitations (such as R.S. 34:15--51, N.J.S.A.); and statutes (such as R.S. 34:15--54, N.J.S.A.) and rules (such as R.R. 4:56--3 and R.R. 4:62--2) which forbid the setting aside of defaults upon mere whim. R.S. 34:15--51, N.J.S.A. (which...