Nernberg v. Pearce

• Decision Date: 09 September 1994
• Docket Number: Nos. 93-1273,93-1677,s. 93-1273
• Citation: 35 F.3d 247
• Parties: RICO Bus.Disp.Guide 8636 A. Richard NERNBERG, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. John PEARCE, et al., Defendants-Appellees.
• Court: U.S. Court of Appeals — Sixth Circuit

Page 247

35 F.3d 247

RICO Bus.Disp.Guide 8636

A. Richard NERNBERG, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. John PEARCE, et al., Defendants-Appellees.

Nos. 93-1273, 93-1677.

United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit.

Argued March 25, 1994.

Decided Sept. 9, 1994.

Robert L. Potter, Strassburger, McKenna, Gutnick & Potter, Pittsburgh, PA (argued and briefed), for A. Richard Nernberg and Arn Inc.

Patrick J. Burkett (argued and briefed), James J. Vlasic, David L. Nelson, Sommers, Schwartz, Silver & Schwartz, Southfield, MI, for Aviation Group, Inc., John Pearce and Donald Beaty.

Kim R. Kolb, David A. Lewsley, Chrysler Corp., Highland Park, MI, William L. McCandless (argued), DeNardis, McCandless & Muller, Detroit, MI, for Chrysler Pentastar Aviation, Inc.

Before: KEITH and MARTIN, Circuit Judges; and KRUPANSKY, Senior Circuit Judge.

KRUPANSKY, Senior Circuit Judge.

Plaintiff-Appellant, A. Richard Nernberg has appealed the district court's summary judgment in favor of defendants-appellees, John Pearce, Donald Beaty, Aviation Group, Inc. (AGI), and Chrysler Pentastar Aviation, Inc. In his original civil complaint filed in Pennsylvania state court, Nernberg charged defendants with common law fraud and RICO violations. The case was subsequently removed to the United States District Court for the Western District of Pennsylvania on the basis of diversity jurisdiction and then transferred to the Eastern District of Michigan. The district court granted summary judgment in favor of defendants on November 30, 1992. Nernberg's motion for reconsideration was denied on January 11, 1993, and this appeal ensued.

In 1986, Nernberg leased a Cessna Conquest II turboprop aircraft from the General Electric Credit Corporation (GECC). The lease was for a term of five years with a five-year renewal option. In 1990, prior to the end of the five-year term, Nernberg contacted GECC to request an early termination of the lease. GECC consented to an early termination on the condition that a buyer could be found to purchase the plane. GECC subsequently located a prospective buyer for the aircraft and Nernberg was instructed by GECC to deliver the aircraft to AGI at the Oakland-Pontiac Airport in Michigan for an end-of-lease and prepurchase inspection. Nernberg later learned that the prospective buyer, Paul Sutton, was an airplane broker who had selected AGI for the inspections because a former business associate, defendant Donald Beaty, was the supervisor of the engine shop at AGI. Beaty had previously performed other prepurchase inspections for Sutton.

Nernberg delivered the aircraft to AGI on August 2, 1990, and the new owner took possession on November 13, 1990. In the interim, both engines of the plane had been removed, disassembled and rebuilt. AGI charged GECC for the engine repairs which in turn sought reimbursement from Nernberg, as the lessee. Realizing that time was of the essence in completing the sale of the aircraft as a condition of cancelling his lease, Nernberg paid the charge for the engine work to GECC, "under protest," in order to terminate the lease, complete the sale of the aircraft and initiate an investigation into the suspected fraudulent actions of AGI. Once AGI received payment for the work from GECC, it released the aircraft and the plane was sold to Sutton.

Nernberg's suspicions of fraud concerning the engine repairs were prompted by the comparative results of two test flights of his airplane. On August 6, 1990, shortly after the aircraft had been delivered to AGI, it was flown to test engine performance. During that test flight, Geoffrey Oswald piloted the plane and Michael Gibson, a maintenance technician, recorded the flight data. Results were submitted to the engine manufacturer for evaluation. The engine manufacturer however, requested additional information to conclude its engine performance analysis. A second test flight was conducted on August 17, 1990, with the defendant Beaty as the technician. An evaluation of this test flight data reported that the right engine was 17% underpowered and that the left engine was 10% underpowered. On the basis of this test, Beaty removed the engines from the plane and substantially rebuilt them.

Nernberg's investigation into the engine repairs disclosed material discrepancies in the test flight data to support his charge of intentional fraud. First, the serial numbers listed for the engines on the two test flights were different. The serial numbers of the rebuilt engines in Nernberg's aircraft did not correspond to the serial numbers of the engines which Beaty had purportedly found to be underpowered during the second test flight. Moreover, the data available from the first test flight when compared with a published aircraft engine performance manual for the engines here in issue disclosed that the engines were well within a range of acceptable performance. These findings were verified by a subsequent independent evaluation by the engine manufacturer which confirmed that the engines in Nernberg's plane when it was delivered to AGI had not been underpowered and did not require rebuilding.

As a result of his investigation, Nernberg instituted this suit for damages against AGI, Pearce and Beaty wherein he alleged that Beaty, the engine shop supervisor, and Pearce, the director of maintenance, had committed an intentional fraud by representing to GECC that the engines in his plane were underpowered and needed repair. He further charged that the engines satisfied the manufacturer's performance criteria when the plane was delivered to AGI and that Pearce and Beaty contrived to rebuild the engines for the benefit of the new owner at Nernberg's expense.

Appeals from grants of summary judgment are reviewed under a de novo standard. EEOC v. University of Detroit, 904 F.2d 331, 334 (6th Cir.1990). The court must determine whether "the evidence presents a sufficient disagreement to require submission to a jury or whether it is so one-sided that one party must prevail as a matter of law." Massey v. Exxon Corp., 942 F.2d 340, 342 (6th Cir.1991). The evidence must be viewed in a light most favorable to the nonmoving party, but the "mere existence of a scintilla of evidence in support of the plaintiff's position will be insufficient; there must be evidence on which the jury could reasonably find for the plaintiff." Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc., 477 U.S. 242, 252, 106 S.Ct. 2505, 2512, 91 L.Ed.2d 202 (1986). There must be a genuine issue of material fact. Middleton v. Reynolds Metals, 963 F.2d 881, 882 (6th Cir.1992). A fact is material if it will "affect the outcome of the suit under the governing law.... Factual disputes that are irrelevant or unnecessary will not be counted." Liberty Lobby, 477 U.S. at 248, 106 S.Ct. at 2510. Thus, "a party may move for summary judgment asserting that the opposing party will not be able to produce sufficient evidence at trial to withstand a directed verdict motion. If, after a sufficient time for discovery, the opposing party is unable to demonstrate that he or she can do so under the Liberty Lobby criteria, summary judgment is appropriate." Street v. J.C. Bradford & Co., 886 F.2d 1472, 1478 (6th Cir.1989) (adopting the "New Era" of summary judgment as defined by Liberty Lobby, 477 U.S. 242, 106 S.Ct. 2505, 91 L.Ed.2d 202; Celotex Corp. v. Catrett, 477 U.S. 317, 106 S.Ct. 2548, 91 L.Ed.2d 265 (1986); and Matsushita Electric Indus. Co. v. Zenith Radio Corp., 475 U.S. 574, 106 S.Ct. 1348, 89 L.Ed.2d 538 (1986)).

In the instant case, the district court entered summary judgment after concluding that plaintiff had failed to allege facts that would satisfy the following elements of common law fraud.

The general rule is that to constitute actionable fraud it must appear: (1) That defendant made a material representation; (2) that it was false; (3) that when he made it he knew that it was false, or made it recklessly, without any knowledge of its truth and as a positive assertion; (4) that he made it with the intention that it should be acted upon by plaintiff; (5) that plaintiff acted in reliance upon it; and (6) that he thereby suffered injury. Each of these facts must be proved with a reasonable degree of certainty, and all of them must be found to exist; the absence of any one of them is fatal to a recovery.

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