New London v. Leskiewicz

• Decision Date: 01 December 1970
• Docket Number: No. 5989,5989
• Citation: 272 A.2d 856,110 N.H. 462
• Parties: NEW LONDON v. Edward H. LESKIEWICZ et al.
• Court: New Hampshire Supreme Court

Page 856

272 A.2d 856

110 N.H. 462

NEW LONDON v. Edward H. LESKIEWICZ et al.

No. 5989.

Supreme Court of New Hampshire.

Dec. 1, 1970.

Upton, Sanders & Upton, Concord (Richard F. Upton, Concord, orally), for the plaintiff.

Stebbins & Bradley, Hanover (David H. Bradley, Hanover, orally), for the defendants.

LAMPRON, Justice.

Bill in equity by the town of New London to enjoin and restrain the defendants, Edward H. and Marjorie C. Leskiewicz, from selling camping and tenting rights to members of the public on their 'Otter Pond' parcel, also called 'the shore lot'; and from renting space for trailers or mobile houses on their 'fourteen acre tract', also called 'inland lots'.

The Trial Court (Keller, J.) made certain findings and rulings and decreed that: 'A. The defendants are enjoined from renting space on the Otter Pond parcel for use by campers or trailers'; and 'B. The defendants are enjoined from renting space on the fourteen acre tract for tenting trailers and for camping trailers.' The defendants excepted to certain rulings made by the court and filed a motion to set aside its decree. By agreement of the parties this motion was not heard and has been treated as denied subject to defendants' exception. Defendants, however, did not brief or argue their exception as it relates to part 'A' of the decree and it is considered waived. Standard Accident Ins. Co. v. Gore, 99 N.H. 277, 284, 109 A.2d 566, 571 (1954).

To sustain its petition for an injunction, the town relies on a zoning ordinance adopted by the town meeting on March 11, 1956. Under its provisions, defendants' fourteen acre tract, with which we are concerned on this appeal, is located in a 'Rural-Agricultural District' which does not permit the uses being made by the defendants. The latter base their right to rent space thereon for tenting trailers and camping trailers on a nonconforming use existing prior to the date of adoption of the ordinance and also on a variance granted them by the Zoning Board of Adjustment on June 19, 1958 and on the resulting permit issued the next day.

This fourteen acre tract is made up of a three acre parcel purchased by the defendants in 1953 and of an eleven acre lot acquired on May 22, 1957. The trial court found that '(t)he defendants had, prior to the passage of the Ordinance, improved the fourteen acre tract, by trimming trees, removing and burning brush, grading, erecting retaining walls, building a road, installing a cesspool, and erecting an out-house. They had also, prior to the passage, accommodated on that tract, two tents, one picnic party, and a camping trailer; the trailer was there about three weeks, and the only charge made was $1.00.'

In the spring of 1958, defendants started to erect a building on this tract which they intended to use for their summer occupancy and also to provide services to picnickers and campers. They were informed by the Selectmen that they needed a building permit to erect the building (art. VIII) and because a business use was involved the permit could not be issued until a variance was applied for and obtained from the Board of Adjustment (art. IX).

Defendant Edward, in his notice of appeal to the Board from the denial of a permit by the Selectmen, stated that his investment in the premises, on or about June 5, 1958, was about $4000 'plus my own labor, also $2000 to $3000 more to finish present building.' He also stated that the proposed use was 'Picnic & camping park, also expand present size of proposed building if business warrants and build cabins if there is a demand.' He further stated that it was a '(c)hance to do outdoor work, serve the public; perhaps make a little money * * *.'

Article IX of the town zoning ordinance grants to the Board of Adjustment all the general powers given to such boards by RSA ch. 31. Section 72 thereof grants a board of adjustment, among others, the power to hear and decide special exceptions to the terms of the ordinance (para. II), and to grant a variance from the terms of the ordinance (para. III) when its literal enforcement will result in unnecessary hardship.

After a public hearing was held on defendant's appeal on June 18, 1958, the Board of Adjustment granted defendants a variance 'for the erection of a building (24 by 32 ) for summer occupancy and to provide services to picnic parties and campers' subject to the condition 'that the requested counter service be within' the structure authorized. A permit therefor was granted to the defendants by the Selectmen on June 20, 1958.

On May 13, 1963, defendants appealed to the Board from the denial of a permit to erect a 20 24 building to contain sanitary facilities, consisting of toilets and showers, on their land which was being used as a 'camping area.' The Board sustained the appeal. In its written decision the Board stated that in 1958 defendants were granted a variance for 'Picnic and Camping Park' which in its opinion 'was contrary to law, in that sufficient hardship did not exist.' The Board decided however, that defendants had created a nonconforming use which it had a right to continue but had no right to enlarge.

It is well recognized law that, if before the adoption of the town zoning ordinance on March 11, 1958, the defendant had established on their fourteen acre tract a use as a picnic and camping park, they acquired a vested right to continue that use thereafter as a nonconforming use. Manchester v. Webster, 100 N.H. 409, 412, 128 A.2d 924, 926-927 (1957); Edgewood Civic Club v. Blaisdell, 95 N.H. 244, 246, 61 A.2d 517, 518 (1948); RSA 31:62; 2 Rathkopf, The Law of Zoning and Planning 58-1 (1960). The New London ordinance recognized this right in article VII and defines it as 'a use of any building, structure, or land, which does not conform to the use regulations of the district in which such use exists.' It is not clear from the record whether or not the trial court found that the defendants had established such a nonconforming use.

However, where shortly after the passage of the ordinance the defendants were granted a variance by the Board of Adjustment to operate a picnic and camping area on their land based on approximately the same factors which would have established their nonconforming use, it is unnecessary to separate the sources of their rights. Vlahos Realty Co. v. Little Boar's Head District, 101 N.H. 460, 464, 146 A.2d 257, 261 (1958); Melody v. Zoning Board of Appeals, 158 Conn. 516, 264 A.2d 572, 574, 575 (1969); Arundel Corp. v. Board of Zoning App., 255 Md. 78, 82-84, 257 A.2d 142, 146 (1969). 'Since the extension or enlargement of a nonconforming use may be more detrimental to zoning than a variance, it has generally been held that a nonconforming use stands in no preferred position. Consequently most decisions that have passed on the point have held that the extension or enlargement of a nonconforming use is to be treated as a variance within the provisions of zoning ordinances.' Ackley v. Nashua, 102 N.H. 551, 554, 163 A.2d 6, 9 (1960) (citations omitted); Glidden v. Nottingham, 109 N.H. 134, 135, 244 A.2d 430, 431 (1968).

A variance has been defined as authority granted to the owner to use his property in a manner otherwise violative of the zoning regulations. Stone v. Cray, 89 N.H. 483, 487, 200 A. 517, 521 (1938); Allen v. Zoning Board of Appeals, 155 Conn. 506, 510, 235 A.2d 654, 565 (1967); 2 Yokley, Zoning Law and Practice s. 16-2 (3d ed. 1965). In other words, a variance is in the nature of a waiver of the strict letter of the zoning ordinance without sacrifice to its spirit and purpose. RSA 31:72(III); 101 C.J.S. Zoning § 273 (1958). The variance granted the defendants resulted in a nonconforming use (Glidden v. Nottingham, supra) on which they have properly relied over the ensuing years thus acquiring a vested right which could not be affected or changed by the findings or rulings of the Board of Adjustment made on June 18, 1963, five years after the variance was granted. Vlahos Realty Co. v. Little Boar's Head District, 101 N.H. 460, 464, 146 A.2d 257, 261 (1958); Appeal of Barefoot, 437 Pa. 323, 263 A.2d 312 (1970); Haba v. Cuff, 201 N.E.2d 343, 346 (Ohio App.1963); 2 Rathkopf, The Law of Zoning and Planning, 46-4, 57-1, 57-6 (1964); 101 C.J.S. Zoning § 314 (1958). See Suprenant v. Nashua, 101 N.H. 43, 131 A.2d 632 (1957).

Having thus acquired a variance or nonconforming use to use their fourteen acre tract as a picnic and camping park, any regulation of the New London zoning ordinance which would prevent that use did not apply to their fourteen acre tract. Stone v. Cray, 89 N.H. 483, 487, 200 A. 517, 521 (1938); Glidden v....