Nichols v. Bell

Decision Date25 July 2006
Docket NumberNo. 1:02 CV 330.,1:02 CV 330.
Citation440 F.Supp.2d 730
PartiesHarold Wayne NICHOLS, Petitioner, v. Ricky BELL, Warden, Riverbend Maximum Security Institution, Respondent.
CourtU.S. District Court — Eastern District of Tennessee

Stephen M. Kissinger, Dana C. Hansen Chavis, Knoxville, TN, for Petitioner.

Alice B. Lustre, Gill R. Geldreich, Jennifer L. Smith, Mark A. Fulks, Paul G. Summers, Stephen W. Austin, Nashville, TN, Leonard Green, Cincinnati, OH, for Respondent.

MEMORANDUM OPINION

EDGAR, District Judge.

                TABLE OF CONTENTS
                  I. FACTUAL BACKGROUND ............................................................739
                     A. Facts at Trial Level .......................................................739
                     B. Facts Introduced During the State Post-Conviction Hearing ..................741
                 II. PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND .........................................................748
                III. STANDARDS OF REVIEW ...........................................................752
                     A. Habeas Claims Cognizable Under 28 U.S.C. § 2254 .......................752
                     B. Review of Habeas Claims on the Merit .......................................752
                     C. Factual Bases for Habeas Claims ............................................753
                     D. Procedural Default .........................................................754
                     E. Miscarriage of Justice: Actual Innocence ...................................756
                     F. Summary Judgment ...........................................................757
                 IV. ANALYSIS ......................................................................757
                     A. Claims Adjudicated in State Court ..........................................758
                        1.  Ineffective Assistance of Counsel at Guilt Phase .......................758
                            a. Failure to Investigate Serology Evidence (Claim 12a) ................759
                            b. Case of T.R. (Claim 12.b) ...........................................764
                            c. Alibi Evidence in the T.M. Case (Claim 12.c) ........................764
                            d. Coerced Statement (Claims 12.d and 12.e) ............................764
                            e. Failure to Attack Confession (Claim 12.f) ...........................767
                            f. Failure to Investigate Critical Evidence (Claim 12.g) ...............768
                               (1) Lack of Physical Evidence (Claim 12.g.i) ........................769
                                   (a) Weapon in S.T. Case (Claim 12.g.i.(1)) ......................769
                                   (b) 2 × 4 Lumber in the Murder Claim (Claim 12.g.i.(2)) .........769
                               (2) Confessions in Other Cases (Claim 12.g.ii) ......................770
                               (3) Pulley Confession (Claim 12.g.iii) ..............................770
                               (4) Fred Coats (Claim 12.g.iv) ......................................772
                            g. False Confessions (Claims 12.h — j) .............................772
                               (1) Inadequate Investigation (Other Suspects) (Claim 12.i) ..........773
                               (2) Inadequate Investigation (Physical Evidence) (Claim 12.j) .......774
                            h. Ineffective Use of Psychological Expert (Claim 12.k) ................776
                            i. Illegal Arrest (Claim 12.i) .........................................777
                         2. Ineffective Assistance of Counsel During the Penalty Phase (Claim
                              13.a) ................................................................779
                            a. Abuse Evidence at Trial .............................................780
                            b. Abuse Evidence Introduced During State Post-Conviction
                                 Proceedings .......................................................781
                         3. Prosecutorial Misconduct (Claim 13.b) ..................................790
                         4. Failure to Request Jury Instructions and Object to Improper
                              Instructions (Claim 13.c) ............................................793
                            a. Failure to Request Jury Instruction .................................793
                            b. Improper Unanimity Instruction ......................................795
                
                         5. Counsel's Failure to Argue Against Disclosure of Psychologist's
                              Notes (Claim 13.d) ...................................................797
                         6. Counsel's Direction of Investigation of Mitigation (Claim 13.e) ........797
                         7. Cumulative Error (Claim 14) ............................................799
                         8. Arbitrary and Invalid Death Sentence (Claims 15, 20, 21(g) and 25) .....799
                            a. Facts ...............................................................799
                            b. Failure to Declare Mistrial (Claim 15) ..............................800
                            c. Court Erroneously Refused to Re-charge Jury on Mitigating
                                 Circumstances (Claim 21(g)) .......................................803
                            d. Polling of Jury (Claim 25) ..........................................806
                            e. Middlebrooks' Error (Claim 20) ................................808
                         9. Objection to Evidence (Claim 16) .......................................811
                        10. Discovery of Experts Notes and Memorandums (Claim 17) ..................813
                        11. Prosecutorial Misconduct (Claim 18) ....................................821
                        12. Change of Venue (Claim 19) .............................................824
                        13. Unconstitutional Jury Instruction (Claim 21) ...........................825
                           a. Reasonable Doubt Instruction (Claim 21.a) ............................825
                           b. Presumption of No Aggravating Circumstance (Claim 21.b) ..............828
                           c. Non-Statutory Mitigating Factors (Claim 21.c) ........................829
                           d. Unanimous Finding of Mitigating Circumstances (Claim 21.d) ...........829
                           e. Elements of Underlying Felony Aggravating Circumstance
                                (Claim 24.e) .......................................................831
                           f. Failure of Trial Court to Instruct the Jury of its Role as Both
                                Trier of Fact and Law (Claim 21.f) ..................................832
                           g. Failure to Re-instruct Jury on Mitigating Circumstances
                                (Claim 21.g) .......................................................832
                           h. Cumulative Error (Claim 21.h) ........................................832
                        14. Videotaped Confession Evidence (Claim 22) ..............................833
                        15. Chronological Order of Trials (Claim 23) and Prior Convictions
                              (Claim 28) ...........................................................835
                           a. Chronological Order (Claim 23) .......................................836
                           b. Prior Convictions (Claim 28) .........................................838
                        16. 1984 Convictions (Claim 24) ............................................839
                        17. Polling the Jury (Claim 25) ............................................840
                        18. Unconstitutionality of Tennessee's Death Penalty Statute (Claim
                              26) ..................................................................840
                        19. Notice of Prior Conviction in Case 175433 as Aggravating
                              Circumstance (Claim 27) ..............................................840
                        20. Newly Discovered Evidence (Claim 29) ...................................841
                        21. Caldwell Error (Claim 30) .....................................842
                        22. Cumulative Error (Claim 31) ............................................845
                        23. Actual Innocent Claim (Claim 32) .......................................846
                  V. CONCLUSION ....................................................................846
                

Harold Wayne Nichols ("Nichols" or "petitioner"), a death-sentenced inmate at the Riverbend Maximum Security Institution in Nashville, Tennessee, brings this petition for writ of habeas corpus against the Warden, Ricky Bell ("State" or "respondent"), pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2254 [Court File No. 82]. Nichols is petitioning this Court for a writ of habeas corpus discharging him from his "unconstitutional and invalid conviction for first-degree murder" and his resulting death sentence [Court File No. 82, at 1]. Before the. Court is respondent's motion and memorandum to dismiss the amended petition [Court File Nos. 119, 120], petitioner's response to the motion to dismiss the amended petition [Court File Nos. 140, 211, Attachment # 1], and respondent's reply to petitioner's response to the motion to dismiss [Court File No. 155]. After carefully considering arguments of counsel and the applicable law, the Court will GRANT the respondent's motion to dismiss [Court File No. 119].

I. FACTUAL BACKGROUND

On May 9, 1990, Nichols pleaded guilty to first-degree felony murder, aggravated rape, and first-degree burglary1 in the Criminal Court of Hamilton County before a jury impaneled from Sumner County, Tennessee. The trial proceeded to the penalty phase with the State relying on two aggravating circumstances: (1) the murder's occurrence during the commission of a felony, and (2) Nichols' previous convictions of violent felonies. Tenn.Code Ann. § 39-13-204(i)(2) & (7). At the conclusion of the sentencing hearing, after deliberating approximately two hours, the jury returned a verdict of death based on the two statutory aggravating circumstances.

On direct appeal, the Tennessee Supreme Court determined the use of the felony-murder for which Nichols had been convicted as an aggravating circumstance was error; however, they determined the error was harmless and affirmed the convictions and sentences. The following recitation of the facts is from the direct appeal to the Supreme Court of Tennessee.

A. Facts at the Trial Level

Because of the substantial publicity...

To continue reading

Request your trial
9 cases
  • Nichols v. Heidle
    • United States
    • U.S. Court of Appeals — Sixth Circuit
    • September 5, 2013
    ...court dismissed the petition without a hearing, but granted Nichols a certificate of appealability on seven issues. Nichols v. Bell, 440 F.Supp.2d 730 (E.D.Tenn.2006). On November 28, 2006, Nichols appealed here and this court subsequently granted Nichols a COA on one additional issue.27 We......
  • Sutton v. Bell
    • United States
    • U.S. District Court — Eastern District of Tennessee
    • January 22, 2010
    ...the state court could not have applied the law to facts that were not before it. 28 U.S.C. § 2254(d)(2); Nichols v. Bell, 440 F.Supp.2d 730, 799 n. 26 (E.D.Tenn.2006).19 Sutton claims he was vulnerable to Dellinger's influence because years of consumption of alcohol, beginning in pre-adoles......
  • Caudill v. Conover, Civil No. 5: 10-84-DCR
    • United States
    • U.S. District Court — Eastern District of Kentucky
    • January 31, 2014
    ...still responsible for determining whether the imposition of the death penalty is suitable in Caudill's case. Cf. Nichols v. Bell, 440 F. Supp. 2d 730, 845 (E.D. Tenn. 2006) ("Nothing in Caldwell prohibits the State from telling the jury the law permits the State to ask for the death penalty......
  • Davis v. Bobby
    • United States
    • U.S. District Court — Southern District of Ohio
    • September 29, 2015
    ...or her claim to the state courts, "an elaboration of the facts or legal theories will not result in a new claim." Nichols v. Bell, 440 F. Supp. 2d 730, 755 (E.D. Tenn. 2006) (citing Jones v. Washington, 15 F.3d 671, 674-75 (7th Cir. 1994)). If, on the other hand, additional facts or argumen......
  • Request a trial to view additional results

VLEX uses login cookies to provide you with a better browsing experience. If you click on 'Accept' or continue browsing this site we consider that you accept our cookie policy. ACCEPT