Nieto-Vicenty v. Valledor

• Decision Date: 12 December 2013
• Docket Number: Civil No. 12–1585(FAB).
• Citation: 984 F.Supp.2d 17
• Parties: Rafael Ismael NIETO–VICENTY, et al., Plaintiffs, v. Ronald Jose VALLEDOR, et al., Defendants.
• Court: U.S. District Court — District of Puerto Rico

984 F.Supp.2d 17

Rafael Ismael NIETO–VICENTY, et al., Plaintiffs,

v.Ronald Jose VALLEDOR, et al., Defendants.

Civil No. 12–1585(FAB).

United States District Court, D. Puerto Rico.

Dec. 12, 2013.

Eugene F. Hestres–Velez, Bird, Bird & Hestres, Old San Juan, PR, for Plaintiffs.

Henry O. Freese–Souffront, McConnell Valdes, Amancio Arias–Guardiola, Arias Cestero & Arias Guardiola, Fernando Sabater–Clavell, Ian P. Carvajal–Zarabozo, Saldana & Carvajal, P.S.C, Manolo T. Rodriguez–Bird, Jimenez, Graffam & Lausell, San Juan, PR, for Defendants.

MEMORANDUM AND ORDER

BESOSA, District Judge.

Before the Court is defendant Lexington Insurance Company's (“Lexington”) motionto dismiss the complaint and cross-claim against it. (Docket No. 66.) Having considered that motion, and plaintiffs' and cross-plaintiff's oppositions, (Docket Nos. 67, 68, & 71), the Court GRANTS Lexington's motion to dismiss. Accordingly, the parties' pending motions in compliance regarding Lexington's status as a party, (Docket Nos. 61, 62, 63, 64 & 65), are MOOT.

I. Background

On July 20, 2012, twenty-eight plaintiffs filed a complaint in admiralty and maritime jurisdiction against thirteen defendants,¹ including Lexington, alleging injuries resulting from the sinking of the M/V Sea Watch on July 24, 2011. (Docket No. 1.) The complaint alleges that the vessel at issue was owned by Zurqui, Inc. (“Zurqui”), which in turn had a marine insurance policy with Lexington. (Docket No. 1 at p. 7.) Specifically, plaintiffs alleged that Lexington “had issued and in force a policy of marine insurance to ZURQUI covering [the Sea Watch] ... providing Property and Liability Insurance and is jointly and severally liable to the Plaintiffs as a matter of law....” (Docket No. 1 at ¶ 27.)

On March 11, 2013, co-defendant Palmas del Mar Yacht Club and Marina (“PDMYC”) filed a cross-claim against the defendants, including Lexington, seeking indemnification and contribution from the defendants should a judgment be entered against PDMYC. (Docket No. 34). The allegations in PDMYC's claim against Lexington state:

To the extent that the policy of insurance issued by Lexington covers the losses alleged by the plaintiffs, then Lexington is liable also to PDMYC, or the plaintiffs directly, under the Puerto Rico direct action statute, 26 L.P.R.A. §§ 2001 and 2003, for any judgment or moneys paid by PDMYC in the above captioned action.

(Docket No. 34 at ¶ 15.)

On September 1, 2011, prior to the filing of the complaint, Lexington filed a declaratory judgment action against Zurqui seeking a judgment that Zurqui breached one or more warranties of its policy, voiding the policy coverage for the incident on July 24, 2011. (Case number 11–cv–01862, Docket No. 1.) Pursuant to a consent decree, a judgment was entered by Judge Carmen Consuelo Cerezo on June 13, 2013 declaring that Zurqui's breach of the passenger limitation warranty relieved Lexington from providing coverage for the maritime insurance claim. (Docket No. 53.)

Lexington filed a motion to dismiss on September 5, 2013. (Docket No. 66.) PDMYC filed an opposition on September 18, 2013, (Docket No. 67), and the plaintiffs filed an opposition adopting PDMYC's opposition on September 22, 2013, (Docket No. 68). Lexington filed a consolidated reply on September 30, 2013. (Docket No. 71.) No other remaining defendant—including defendant Zurqui—filed a response to Lexington's motion to dismiss.

II. Legal AnalysisA. Rule 12(b)(6) Standard

“The question confronting a court on a motion to dismiss is whether all the facts alleged, when viewed in the light most favorable to the plaintiffs, render the plaintiff's entitlement to relief plausible.” Ocasio–Hernandez v. Fortuño–Burset, 640 F.3d 1, 14 (1st Cir.2011) (internal citations omitted) (emphasis in original). Plaintiffs faced with a motion to dismiss cannot “ ‘proceed perforce’ by virtue of allegations that merely parrot the elements of the cause of action.” Id. at 12. A court must treat any non-conclusory factual allegations in the complaint as true, “even if seemingly incredible.” Id. In ruling on such a motion, the Court may consider “(a) ‘implications from documents' attached to or fairly ‘incorporated into the complaint,’ (b) ‘facts' susceptible to ‘judicial notice,’ and (c) ‘concessions' in plaintiff's ‘response to the motion to dismiss.’ ” Schatz v. Republican State Leadership Comm., 669 F.3d 50, 55–6 (1st Cir.2012) (citing Arturet–Velez v. R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Co., 429 F.3d 10, 13 n. 2 (1st Cir.2005)); see also Field v. Trump, 850 F.2d 938, 949 (2d Cir.1988) (considering documents that were annexed to defendants' motion to dismiss and integral to plaintiff's claims). A court's review on a a motion to dismiss is limited to the allegations contained in complaint itself. Glaros v. Perse, 628 F.2d 679, 681 (1st Cir.1980).

Lexington asks the Court to consider documents pertaining to Zurqui's maritime insurance policy because they were integral to the plaintiffs' claims against Lexington and referenced in the complaint. (Docket Nos. 66 & 66–1.) The Court agrees that the insurance policy documents attached to Lexington's motion to dismiss can be considered without converting the motion into one for summary judgment. “Otherwise, a plaintiff with a legally deficient claim could survive a motion to dismiss simply by failing to attach a dispositive document on which it relied.” Pension Benefit Guar. Corp. v. White Consol. Indus., Inc., 998 F.2d 1192, 1196 (3d Cir.1993) (internal citation omitted).

Lexington argues that the complaint and cross-claim against it should be dismissed because Zurqui violated one or more warranties in its insurance policy with Lexington, voiding its insurance coverage for the incident in question.

B. Maritime Insurance Law

Lexington contends that the policy contains two promissory warranties—(1) the passenger limitation warranty and (2) the compliance warranty—and that a violation of either warranty by the insured Zurqui would void the insurance policy's coverage for the incident in question. (Docket No. 66.) PDMYC and the plaintiffs do not contest that the warranties at issue are promissory, but rather argue, incorrectly, that Puerto Rico law governs the maritime insurance issues in this case. (Docket No. 67 at pp. 3–4.)

The First Circuit Court of Appeals has determined that federal law governs maritime insurance contract issues, and “that a breach of a promissory warranty in a maritime insurance contract excuses the insurer from coverage.” Lloyd's of London v. Pagan–Sanchez, 539 F.3d 19, 24–6 (1st Cir.2008) (applying the Supreme Court's choice of law analysis in Norfolk S. Ry. Co. v. Kirby, 543 U.S. 14, 125 S.Ct. 385, 160 L.Ed.2d 283 (2004)). Federal maritime law defines a warranty as a “promise ‘by which the assured undertakes that some particular thing shall or shall not be done, or that some condition shall be fulfilled, or whereby he affirms or negatives the existence of a particular state of facts.’ ” Commercial Union Ins. Co. v. Flagship Marine Serv., Inc., 190 F.3d 26, 31 (2d Cir.1999) (citing Leslie J. Buglass, Marine Ins. & Gen. Average in the U.S. 27 (2d ed. 1981)).

Lexington's policy contains a section that states: “PASSENGER LIMITATION WARRANTY: Warranted by You that the number of Passengers on board shall not exceed the number stated on the Declaration Page at any one time excluding Captain and/or Crewmember(s).” (Docket No. 66–1 at p. 13.) The next section in the policy states:

COMPLIANCE WARRANTY: Warranted by You that all necessary licenses, permits and certificates pertaining to the use and operation of the Vessel remain in full force and effect throughout the period of this policy. You further warrant that during all such times You will comply with all laws, rules and regulations that apply to the use(s) to which You employ the Vessel.

Id. The policy...