Norfolk Holdings, Inc. v. Montana Dept. of Revenue
| Citation | 249 Mont. 40,813 P.2d 460 |
| Decision Date | 13 June 1991 |
| Docket Number | No. 90-393,90-393 |
| Parties | NORFOLK HOLDINGS, INC., Petitioner and Appellant v. The MONTANA DEPARTMENT OF REVENUE, Respondent and Respondent. |
| Court | United States State Supreme Court of Montana |
James P. Sites argued, Louis R. Moore, Crowley, Haughey, Hanson, Toole & Dietrich, Billings, for petitioner and appellant.
Geralyn Driscoll argued, Dept. of Revenue, Helena, for respondent and respondent.
Norfolk Holdings, Inc., (Taxpayer) appeals from an order of the First Judicial District Court, Lewis and Clark County, holding that Taxpayer's claim for a refund was barred by the statute of limitations. We affirm.
The sole issue raised on appeal is whether an automatic extension of time for filing corporate license tax returns may be included in computing the five-year limitations period in Sec. 15-31-509(2), MCA.
Taxpayer reported its 1982 corporate license tax on a calendar year basis. On May 13, 1983, it filed a tentative 1982 tax return form and paid $241,012 in estimated tax. At the same time, Taxpayer applied for an automatic extension of time until October 15, 1983, to file its return.
On May 14, 1984, Taxpayer filed its finalized return for 1982, which showed a tax liability of $197,267. Thereafter, the State of Montana, Department of Revenue (Department), refunded $43,745--the difference between the estimated tax payment and the finalized amount due.
On June 20, 1988, the Department received from Taxpayer amended returns and claims for refunds for tax years 1982 through 1986. The Department issued refunds for all years except 1982. It refused the refund claimed for 1982, contending that the statute of limitations for a refund of that year's taxes had expired.
Taxpayer appealed to the State Tax Appeal Board. With the Department's consent, the case was moved to District Court for interlocutory adjudication, where the matter was submitted on agreed facts. The District Court ruled in favor of the Department, concluding that the five-year period of limitations in Sec. 15-31-509(2), MCA, does not include consideration of any extensions of time for filing returns. Taxpayer appeals.
Section 15-31-101(3), MCA, mandates that corporate license taxes are "due and payable on the 15th day of the 5th month following the close of the taxable year of the corporation...." Section 15-31-111(2), MCA, establishes the due date for filing corporate license tax returns. The statute reads in its entirety:
If the corporation is reporting on a calendar year basis, the return shall be filed with the department on or before May 15 following the close of the calendar year, and if reporting on a fiscal year basis, the return shall be filed with the department on or before the 15th day of the 5th month following the close of its fiscal year. Upon application, a corporation shall be allowed an automatic extension of time for filing its return of 1 to 6 months following the date prescribed for filing of its tax return. The application is to be made on such forms as the department shall prescribe. (Emphasis added.)
Section 15-31-111(2), MCA.
Thus, tax returns of corporations filing on a calendar year basis are due on May 15 of the following year. However, a corporate taxpayer may apply for an automatic extension of up to six months for filing the return. Section 15-31-111(2), MCA. If the Department deems that good cause exists for granting more time for filing, it may grant an extension above and beyond that received with the automatic extension. Section 15-31-111(3), MCA.
A taxpayer has five years in which to claim a refund of corporate license taxes. Section 15-31-509(2), MCA. The statute of limitations provides:
No refund or credit shall be allowed or paid with respect to the year for which a return is filed after 5 years from the last day prescribed for filing the return or after 1 year from the date of the overpayment, whichever period expires the later, unless before the expiration of such period the taxpayer files a claim therefor or the department of revenue has determined the existence of the overpayment and has approved the refund or credit thereof. If the taxpayer has agreed in writing under the provisions of subsection (1) of this section to extend the time within which the department may propose an additional assessment, the period within which a claim for refund or credit may be filed or a credit or refund allowed in the event no claim is filed shall automatically be so extended. (Emphasis added.)
Section 15-31-509(2), MCA.
Taxpayer argues that the "last day prescribed for filing the return" in this statute includes the automatic extension of time provided for in Sec. 15-31-111(2), MCA. The Department, on the other hand, argues that "the last day prescribed for filing the return" does not include any extensions of time received by the taxpayer. The Department maintains that, for a corporation filing on a calendar year basis, the "last day prescribed for filing" is May 15 following the close of the calendar year. We agree with the Department.
A statute must be construed according to the plain meaning of the language therein. State ex rel. Woodahl v. District Court, 162 Mont. 283, 292, 511 P.2d 318, 323 (1973). In this case, the operative word to be construed is "prescribed." Black's Law Dictionary 1345 (6th ed. 1990) defines "prescribe" as follows:
To lay down authoritatively as a guide, direction, or rule; to impose as a peremptory order; to dictate; to point, to direct; to give as a guide, direction, or rule of action; to give law.
Following this definition, the plain meaning of "prescribe" is to "lay down authoritatively." In Sec. 15-31-111(2), MCA, the legislature statutorily established a due date for filing a corporate license tax return, i.e., May 15 following the close of the taxable year for corporations filing on a calendar year basis. This statutorily established day for filing the return is the day the legislature "laid down authoritatively" or "prescribed" for filing the return.
Although Sec. 15-31-111(2), MCA, allows the taxpayer to automatically extend the period of time for filing for up to six months, the extension applied for by the taxpayer is not included in determining when the limitations period begins to run. If the statute did not begin to run until the exhaustion of the automatic extension, the day prescribed for filing would be a day established by the taxpayer, not the legislature. The day would no longer be "laid down authoritatively" but would depend upon the whim of the taxpayer. "Prescribe" would be stripped of all meaning. The automatic extension simply gives the taxpayer additional time to prepare the return. It does not change the day prescribed by the legislature for filing the return.
In 1972, the Department promulgated Sec. 42.23.601, ARM, which interprets the limitations period for claims for refunds of corporate license taxes. The regulation provides as follows:
No refund or credit may be allowed or paid with respect to the year for which a return is filed, unless, within 5 years from the last day prescribed for filing the return or after 1 year from the date of the overpayment (whichever period expires later) the taxpayer files a claim for refund thereof or the department has determined the existence of the overpayment and has approved refunding or crediting thereof. The 5-year period is determined without regard to any extension which may have been granted. (Emphasis added.)
Section 42.23.601, ARM.
The regulation reflects the Department's conviction that any extensions of time received for filing the return are excluded from the computation of the running of the statute of limitations. The adoption of the regulation, which is not in conflict with the statute and is reasonably necessary to effectuate the purpose of the...
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