Norris v. Industrial Comm'n

• Decision Date: 01 June 2000
• Docket Number: No. 3-99-0672 WC.,3-99-0672 WC.
• Citation: 313 Ill. App.3d 993,246 Ill.Dec. 719,730 N.E.2d 1184
• Parties: Arthur W. NORRIS, Jr., Appellant, v. The INDUSTRIAL COMMISSION et al., (John Deere Harvester Works, Appellee.)
• Court: United States Appellate Court of Illinois

730 N.E.2d 1184

313 Ill. App.3d 993

246 Ill.Dec. 719

Arthur W. NORRIS, Jr., Appellant, v. The INDUSTRIAL COMMISSION et al., (John Deere Harvester Works, Appellee.)

No. 3-99-0672 WC.

Appellate Court of Illinois, Third District, Industrial Commission Division.

June 1, 2000.

Richard A. Dahl, Peoria, for Arthur W. Norris, Jr.

Steven L. Nelson, Anderson & Nelson, Rock Island, for John Deere Harvester Works.

Justice HOLDRIDGE delivered the Opinion of the Court:

Claimant, Arthur Norris, sought benefits under the Workers' Compensation Act (the Act) (820 ILCS 305/1 et seq. (West 1996)), for injuries sustained on March 2, 1993, while in the employ of John Deere Harvester Works (Deere). The arbitrator found a that claimant suffered an accident arising out of and in the course of claimant's employment and awarded claimant 271/7 weeks of temporary total disability benefits as well as a permanent partial disability benefit for 12.5% loss of the person as a whole. Disagreeing with the amounts of the award, claimant filed a petition for review with the Illinois Industrial Commission (Commission). Deere filed a motion to dismiss claimant's petition for review as being untimely. The Commission ruled that claimant's petition was untimely and granted Deere's motion to dismiss. Claimant then filed a petition for review with the Circuit Court of Rock Island County. The circuit court, Judge Ronald C. Taber presiding, denied the claimant's petition and confirmed the decision of the Commission. This appeal ensued.

At issue is whether a petition for review is considered to be timely filed with the Commission if the petition is placed in the mail on the thirtieth day after the claimant received the decision of the arbitrator. We hold that a petition for review is filed with the Commission when it is placed in the mail.

On July 13, 1998, the decision of Arbitrator James Giordano was filed with the Commission. Return receipt forms in the record show that claimant's attorney received the decision on July 20, 1998. Section 19(b) of the Act requires that petitions for review must be filed within 30 days of receipt of the arbitrator's decision. (820 ILCS 305/19(b)(West 1996)) The parties agree that the last day for filing a Petition for Review was August 19, 1998. An express mail receipt in the record establishes that the claimant's attorney placed the petition in the mail on August 19, 1998. The Petition was file-stamped by the Commission on August 20, 1998.

Deere filed a motion to dismiss claimant's petition contending that the "filing" requirement of Section 19(b) of the Act requires actual physical receipt of the petition by the Commission on or before the due date. Claimant, relying upon section 1.25 of the Statute on Statutes (5 ILCS 70/1.25 (West 1996)), maintained that "filing" under the Act was accomplished upon placing the petition in the mail properly posted and addressed to the Commission. The Commission held that only actual receipt of the petition constituted "filing" under the Act. The circuit court confirmed the decision of the Commission.

The issue at hand, what constitutes "filing" under section 19(b) of the Act, is a matter of statutory construction, which is a question of law that this court considers de novo. Branson v. Department of Revenue, 168 Ill.2d 247, 254, 213 Ill.Dec. 615, 659 N.E.2d 961 (1995).

Section 19(b) of the Act provides in relevant part that:

"Unless a petition for review is filed by either party within 30 days after the receipt by such party of the copy of the decision * * * then the decision shall become the decision of the Commission and in the absence of fraud shall be conclusive." 820 ILCS 305/19(b) (West 1996).

We must determine what the legislature intended by use of the term "filed." The fundamental tenet of statutory construction requires a court to determine the intent of the legislature as it is revealed in the plain and unambiguous language in a statute. City of East St. Louis v. Union Electric Co., 37 Ill.2d 537, 542, 229 N.E.2d 522 (1967). Whenever a word or phrase used-in a statute becomes an issue in a case, "its strict meaning is not as important as the sense in which it was used by the lawmaking body." East St. Louis, 37 Ill.2d at 542, 229 N.E.2d 522. Moreover, "[a] statute capable of two interpretations should be given that which is reasonable and which will not produce absurd, unjust, unreasonable or inconvenient results that the legislature could not have intended." Collins v. Board of Trustees of the Firemen's Annuity & Benefit Fund, 155 Ill.2d 103, 110, 183 Ill.Dec. 6, 610 N.E.2d 1250, (1993). However, when parties present evenly plausible but divergent interpretations of the same statutory language, a court may find the statute ambiguous. See People v. Jameson, 162 Ill.2d 282, 288, 205 Ill.Dec. 90, 642 N.E.2d 1207 (1994)(reasoning that a statute is ambiguous when it is capable of being understood by reasonably well-informed persons in two or more different senses).

Here, claimant maintains that section 19(b) is silent as to when a petition is considered to have been "filed." He suggests that the term "filed" should be interpreted to mean "placed in the U.S. mail", i.e., the mailbox rule. Deere suggests that the term "filed" means when the document is actually received and file-stamped by the Commission. We find that, considering the language of the statute alone, each parties interpretation is equally plausible and neither would produce absurd, unjust, unreasonable or inconvenient results that the legislature could not have intended. We therefore consider the Act to be ambiguous as to when the legislature intended a petition for review to have been "filed" with the Commission.

When a statute is ambiguous, it is appropriate to look to other sources to ascertain legislative intent. In re Marriage of Logston, 103 Ill.2d 266, 279, 82 Ill.Dec. 633, 469 N.E.2d 167 (1984). Claimant suggests the answer lies in section 1.25 of the Statute on Statutes (5 ILCS 70/1.25 (West 1996)) which provides:

"Unless an Act otherwise specifically provides, any writing of any kind or description required or authorized to be filed with * * * the State or any political subdivision thereof, by the laws of this State:

(1) if transmitted through the United States mail, shall be deemed filed with or received by the State or political subdivision on the date shown by the post office cancellation mark stamped on the envelope or other wrapping containing it. * * *" 5 ILCS 70/1.25 (West 1996).

In Alton v. Byerly Aviation, Inc., 68 Ill.2d 19, 11 Ill.Dec. 314, 368 N.E.2d 922 (1977), our supreme court was asked to determine whether a party had complied with section 5(a) of the Act by mailing as opposed to actual receipt by the Commission. Section 5(a) of the Act in pertinent part provided:

"Any illegally employed minor or his legal representatives shall * * * have the right within 6 months after the time of injury or death, to file with the Commission a rejection of his right to the benefits under this Act, in which case such illegally employed minor or his legal representatives shall have the right to pursue his or their common law or statutory remedies to recover damages for such injury or death." Ill.Rev.Stat. 1973, ch. 48, par. 138.5(a)) now codified at 820 ILCS 305/5(a)(West 1996).

Relying upon section 1.25 of the Statute on Statutes, the court held that the date of "filing" was the date the document was placed in the mail to the Commission. Alton, 68 Ill.2d at 23, 11 Ill.Dec. 314, 368 N.E.2d 922. Deere argues that Alton should not apply to the situation at bar, as Alton involved the filing of a "notice"...