Norvell v. Safeway Stores, Inc.

• Decision Date: 11 January 1957
• Docket Number: No. 80,80
• Citation: 128 A.2d 591,59 A.L.R.2d 1407,212 Md. 14
• Parties: , 59 A.L.R.2d 1407 David L. NORVELL v. SAFEWAY STORES, Incorporated, and George S. King.
• Court: Maryland Court of Appeals

Page 14

212 Md. 14

128 A.2d 591, 59 A.L.R.2d 1407

David L. NORVELL v. SAFEWAY STORES, Incorporated, and George S. King.

No. 80.

Court of Appeals of Maryland.

Jan. 11, 1957.

Charles K. Davies, Jr., Gaithersburg, and Walter G. M. Fields, Wheaton, for appellant.

Arthur B. Hanson and Calvin H. Cobb, Jr., Washington, D. C. (D. Eugene Walsh, Westminster, on the brief), for appellee.

Before BRUNE, C. J., and COLLINS, HENDERSON and HAMMOND, JJ.

HENDERSON, Judge.

David L. Norvell brought two actions at law to recover damages for malicious prosecutions instituted by Safeway and its District Manager, George S. King, respectively. The actions were consolidated, and removed to Carroll County for trial. At the close of the plaintiff's case the court granted prayers for directed verdicts. From judgments on those verdicts the appeal comes here.

On February 25, 1953, the appellant was the manager of a Safeway store in Bethesda, Maryland. The appellant's immediate superior was the appellee, King, who had replaced a former District Manager about two weeks before. On that date Norvell resigned his position, and on the following day wrote a letter to Mr. Balshaw, Division Manager in Washington, confirming his verbal resignation to Mr. King. In that letter he complained of 'mental pressure as a result of certain phases of' the store's operation, and of 'being shoved around'. He declined to stay on for an additional two weeks as Mr. King had requested. On July 16, 1953, he wrote to the president of Safeway, in California, that he had been forced to resign 'due to unreasonable and dishonest tactics of Mr. George King'. He said: 'Evidently the thinking and practices of Mr. King have the approval of Mr. Edgar Balshaw since following the receipt of my letter of resignation Mr. Balshaw made no effort to contact me for a discussion of the matter.' On August 13, 1953, he wrote Mr. Balshaw a long letter, stating that when he first was employed by Safeway as a clerk, several years before, he had been asked to 'hit' the customers, and engage in 'questionable' practices, such as to 'wrap a gob of excess fat around the end of a rib roast and sell it for seventy-five cents a pound'. He left because he was 'fed up with the crooked deal'. On November 12th, he was demanding that 'my forced resignation from the Company be reviewed'. He admitted that he had participated 'in the carrying out of these dishonest sharp practices', but felt he 'should be reinstated by the Company in a position comparable to that of Location Manager'. He also stated that 'In being forced to resign * * * [he] suffered not only financial loss but also security for himself and family in the way of group hospitalization, group insurance, retirement plan membership and profit sharing benefits.' On November 21, he wrote to the president of the Washington Board of Trade that dishonest, sharp practices of the Safeway Company had forced his resignation. On December 7, he wrote Mr. Warren, requesting that he be permitted to prove his charge of sharp practices, and 'consideration given as to my being reemployed with the Company.' On January 15, 1954, he wrote Mr. Warren referring to the 'underhanded, off color, crooked manner in which all phases of the Company's operations are handled in the Washington D. C. Division'. He closed with the sentence: 'As yet there has been no reply from you to my letter of December 7, 1953.' He sent copies of this letter to twenty-four persons and corporations, including several banks, the Better Business Bureau, and the Washington newspapers.

On January 22, 1954, J. Arnold Anderson, Assistant Secretary of Safeway, swore out a warrant charging that Norvell on January 15, 1954, 'with intent to extort money or procure other profit did unlawfully falsely accuse Safeway Stores, Inc., a Maryland Corporation, of matters which, if true, would tend to bring the said Safeway Stores, Inc., into contempt or disrepute'. On the same day George S. King swore out a warrant charging that Norvell on January 15, 1954, 'did unlawfully falsely accuse the said George S. King of matters which, if true, would tend to bring the said George S. King into contempt or disrepute'. Upon demand for jury trial, the cases came on for trial in the Circuit Court on April 8, 1954. Upon petition of the State's Attorney the court appointed Mr. Arthur B. Hanson as Special Assistant State's Attorney 'for the purpose of assisting in the prosecution of Nos. 868 and 869 Criminals.' Presumably the appointment was under Code 1951, Art. 26, sec. 7. Cf. Coblentz v State, 164 Md. 558, 565, 166 A. 45, 88 A.L.R. 886. Mr. Hanson was at that time, and had been, counsel for Safeway. On the same day trial was had in No. 868, the extortion charge, and the jury rendered a verdict of not guilty. On May 17, 1954, the State entered a nolle pros in the other case.

The question presented on this appeal is whether the court erred in taking the cases from the jury. The ground of its action was that there was no evidence to show a want of probable cause for either prosecution. The appellees filed a motion to dismiss the appeal on the ground that the appellant did not print in his Record Extract all of the testimony necessary to decide the point. The appellant printed all of the correspondence mentioned above, and the warrants and docket entries relating to the criminal trials. The additional testimony printed by the appellees seems to have little relevancy to the point at issue. It consists chiefly of testimony by Norvell and his brother as to fruitless conferences with the appellees while the criminal cases were pending, looking toward the possible settlement of the controversy. Apparently Safeway was willing to dismiss the criminal charges and give Norvell a letter of recommendation if he would sign a letter of retraction and releases. It was unwilling to reemploy him, as he insisted. This evidence was offered by the appellant on the theory that it tended to show malice. We think there was reasonable ground for a difference of opinion as to whether this testimony should have been printed in support of the issue raised, and we think the motion should be overruled. Cf. Sawyer v. Novak, 206 Md. 80, 84, 110 A.2d 517.

In regard to the action against Safeway, it was conceded that Anderson was an officer of the corporation and duly authorized to swear out the warrant. The offense charged was in the language of the Statute. Code 1951, Art. 27, sec. 635, provides: 'Any person who with intent to extort money or procure other profit shall falsely accuse or threaten to accuse another of any crime, or of anything which if the accusation were true would tend to bring him into contempt or disrepute, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, punishable by imprisonment in jail or the house of correction not exceeding two years.' The jury acquitted the appellant of the offense charged, and this satisfied one of the requirements of the action for malicious prosecution, that there be a termination of the proceeding in favor of the accused. Safeway Stores, Inc. v. Barrack, 210 Md. 168, 173, 122 A.2d 457, and cases cited. In that case there had been an acquittal before a trial magistrate, after a hearing on the merits. See also Banks v. Montgomery Ward, Md. 128 A.2d 600, just decided.

But the fact of acquittal after trial on the merits is not evidence of a want of probable cause. Prosser, Torts (2d ed.), p. 656, § 98; Restatement, Torts, § 667, comment (c); Western Union Telegraph Co. v. Thomasson, 4 Cir., 251 F. 833, 837. This is said to be for the reason that the finding may be based on a mere lack of proof beyond a reasonable doubt, and throws no light on the sufficiency of the evidence on which the instigator acted at the time the proceedings were instituted, because the verdict may have been based on other evidence produced by the defense that was unknown to the instigator. We find nothing in the Maryland cases at variance with this view. In Stansbury v. Luttrell, 152 Md. 553, 137 A. 339, a judgment for the plaintiff was reversed because of a failure to establish a want of probable cause, despite the fact that he had been acquitted of larceny after a jury trial. In Safeway Stores, Inc. v. Barrack, supra, we held that the case was properly submitted to the jury because of the conflict in the evidence as to what occurred prior to the arrest. We referred to the fact that in Nance v. Gall, 187 Md. 656, 50 A.2d 120, 51 A.2d 535, and in Straus v. Young, 36 Md. 246, it was said that acquittal before a magistrate would...