Nye v. Lovelace, 15555.

• Decision Date: 11 January 1956
• Docket Number: No. 15555.,15555.
• Citation: 228 F.2d 599
• Parties: Clark C. NYE, Appellant, v. Edwin M. LOVELACE, Appellee.
• Court: U.S. Court of Appeals — Fifth Circuit

228 F.2d 599 (1956)

Clark C. NYE, Appellant, v. Edwin M. LOVELACE, Appellee.

No. 15555.

United States Court of Appeals Fifth Circuit.

January 11, 1956.

C. Harold Thweatt, Oklahoma City, Okl., Ralph G. Holberg, Jr., Albert J. Tully, Mobile, Ala., Holberg, Tully & Aldridge, Mobile, Ala., Embry, Crowe, Tolbert, Boxley & Johnson, Oklahoma City, Okl., of counsel, for appellant.

William G. Caffey, Mobile, Ala., Caffey, Gallalee & Caffey, Mobile, Ala., of counsel, for appellee.

Before RIVES, JONES and BROWN, Circuit Judges.

BROWN, Circuit Judge.

Appellant Nye, an Oklahoma oil investor, in the spring of 1951 made arrangements through his agent, Tom Gorton, with the appellee, Lovelace, to procure mineral interests in an area later on known as the Pollard Field in Alabama. The last transaction was concluded August 16, 1951. Later on, perhaps inadvertently, Nye learned that Lovelace had purchased in his own name and held for his own account one-half of the minerals under 40 acres known as the Gray tract. In pre-trial discovery deposition in Nye's suit to recover the Gray tract, Nye learned, for the first time, that in procuring the mineral acreage Lovelace, instead of drawing on Nye's account for actual cost, had treated each of the transactions as though it were a purchase by him from the landowner and a resale to Nye at substantial profits totaling over $2500.00.

After a full trial, the court made a finding having, to us, extraordinary and dominant significance. The court rejected Lovelace's contention that his engagement was to get together such acreage within the outlined area on the best terms obtainable to himself and then submit them to Nye's agent, Gorton, at a mutually acceptable price, the difference to be his compensation. In so doing, the court adopted altogether Nye's contention that Lovelace's compensation was to be his out-of-pocket expenses and an interest, later to be determined, in specific minerals. Additionally, without ever informing Nye or Gorton, Lovelace purchased the Johnson tract, admittedly within the designated buying area, for his own account. This means that from the very outset Lovelace was, and continued to be, an unfaithful servant who sought private gain to the detriment of his principal. The district court required Lovelace to repay the withheld profits and convey the Johnson tract. Lovelace has acquiesced in both.

But not so as to the Gray tract. The trial court held that this was properly purchased by Lovelace for his own account since it lay outside the designated buying area, and its purchase was not necessary to the acquisition of interests within the area. And this, even though Gray was purchased from the same person (Hart) and simultaneously with the Crosby tract, one concededly within the agency. We cannot agree.

In the beginning Nye furnished to Gorton, and through him, to Lovelace a plat on which lines, following strictly the perpendiculars of sections, were traced outlining the area in which minerals were desired. Nye had confidential information as to the location of a test well (later dry) and the area, roughly 7 miles in width east and west and 1½ miles in depth north and south, ran generally northwest to southeast in stairstep fashion roughly paralleling the supposed location of a fault. Offsetting the well-site, in part, in the adjacent section was the Crosby tract, owned in equal one-third shares by James Hart and two other partners. Since Lovelace acquired the Gray tract when procuring Hart's interest in Crosby for Nye, the full history of the dealings for Crosby is important.

The Crosby tract, contiguous but irregularly shaped, approximated 1260 acres, only 400 of which were within the designated buying area. In dissolution of the partnership, the Crosby tract was being sold, ½ of the minerals being reserved which gave Hart a 1/6th interest. According to Lovelace, he obtained about June 1951 an offer from the three partners for ½ of the minerals at a cost¹ to him of $4500.00 which, it is uncontradicted, he submitted to Gorton for $6000.00 which was declined because of the high cost in terms of limited attractive acreage. A month or so later, Nye's interest in acquiring Crosby was revived, and Lovelace, either by a chance meeting of Hart on the street, or through a telephone conversation between Thomas McMillan and Hart, relayed to him, learned that Hart was willing to sell the interest previously discussed. Only the Crosby tract was mentioned. In the meantime, Thomas McMillan, one of Hart's partners and an attorney, informed Lovelace that he understood Hart also owned the Gray tract, a ¼ ¼ section contiguous to Crosby and diagonally offsetting the well-site and suggested that perhaps Hart would like to sell a part of this as well. With no further discussion, Lovelace had his attorney (his brother) prepare two separate deeds, one covering a 1/12 interest in 960 acres of the Crosby tract to comprise 80 mineral acres, the grantee being left blank, and one with Lovelace as the grantee covering ½ of the minerals in the Gray tract comprising 20 mineral acres. On that same day, August 7, Lovelace took the deeds to Hart's farm where they were executed by Hart and his wife separately. The conversations at Hart's farm concerning the Gray tract vary as between Hart and Lovelace, but in substance it was that the deeds had been prepared to cover an interest in the Crosby and also the Gray tract, Hart assuming that reference to the "same interest" indicated a 1/12 in Gray as well as Crosby, and Lovelace remaining substantially silent in words on that point, conscious that the deeds, on their face, reflected the 1/12 and ½ interest in each, respectively. Hart, in payment, received Lovelace's personal check in the amount of $900.00. For the 80 mineral acres in Crosby, Lovelace drew on Nye the next day for $1400.00. Hart claims not to have read either deed and a producing well had come in before Hart apparently realized that he had sold ½ of his minerals in Gray.

Notwithstanding the unusual circumstances of this closing, the trial court placed great reliance on the fact that, since the Gray tract happened to be just outside of the lines on the plat, Nye had himself excluded it from the buying area even though he knew it was a physical, diagonal, offset to the well-site. The court recognized, however, that it could not automatically exclude from the agency all land outside of the designated buying area, since so much had been, and had to be, procured beyond it to acquire interests within it. In the trial court's view, the outside acreage was within the agency only when necessarily procured in a single transaction as a condition to acquiring acreage within the area. On this approach the court then held that these were two separate transactions, separately negotiated so that procurement of Gray was wholly unrelated to acquisition of the desired interest in Crosby.²

To reach this conclusion was, we think, to reject the clear evidence from...