Office of Disciplinary Counsel v. Costigan

• Decision Date: 26 December 1990
• Citation: 526 Pa. 16,584 A.2d 296
• Parties: OFFICE OF DISCIPLINARY COUNSEL, Petitioner, v. Robert W. COSTIGAN, Respondent.
• Court: Pennsylvania Supreme Court

Page 296

584 A.2d 296

526 Pa. 16

OFFICE OF DISCIPLINARY COUNSEL, Petitioner, v. Robert W. COSTIGAN, Respondent.

Supreme Court of Pennsylvania.

Argued Oct. 26, 1990.

Decided Dec. 26, 1990.

[526 Pa. 17] John Rogers Carroll, Philadelphia, for respondent.

Barbara S. Rosenberg, Asst. Disciplinary Counsel, Philadelphia, for petitioner.

Before NIX, C.J., and FLAHERTY, ZAPPALA, PAPADAKOS and CAPPY, JJ.

OPINION OF THE COURT

FLAHERTY, Justice.

In December of 1982, Robert W. Costigan, an attorney licensed to practice law in this Commonwealth, was convicted in the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County upon two counts of theft by deception, 18 Pa.C.S. § 3922; two counts of theft by failure to make required disposition of funds received, 18 Pa.C.S. § 3927; two counts of theft, 18 Pa.C.S. § 3921; one count of criminal conspiracy, 18 Pa.C.S. § 903; and one count of aiding in the consummation of crime, 18 Pa.C.S. § 5107. The convictions arose from actions taken by Costigan in the course of assisting certain of his clients in the settlement of an estate. In June of 1984, Costigan was sentenced to a two to five year term of imprisonment, and a fine of $5,000 was imposed. Consequently, on July 13, 1984, pursuant to Pa.R.D.E. 214(d) (relating to attorneys convicted of crimes), this Court suspended Costigan from the bar.

In March of 1985, a petition for discipline was filed by the Office of Disciplinary Counsel, alleging that the criminal convictions constituted a per se basis for discipline and that Costigan's conduct violated a number of Disciplinary Rules. ¹ Hearings on the petition were delayed pending resolution of appeals challenging the convictions. The convictions were affirmed. In 1988, a hearing committee received testimony on the petition, and, in September of 1989, it recommended that Costigan be suspended from the bar for a period of five years, that the suspension should end upon completion of Costigan's prison and parole obligations, ² and that the suspension should be retroactive to the period during which Costigan was suspended under the July 13, 1984 order of this Court. The Office of Disciplinary Counsel filed exceptions to the recommendation of the hearing committee, and requested that the Disciplinary Board (Board) find that Costigan should be disbarred.

On February 7, 1990, the Board filed a report recommending that Costigan be disbarred retroactive to July 13, 1984. The report rejected Costigan's contention that his conduct reflected only poor judgment, and concluded that he was guilty of misconduct and must be disbarred in order to protect the public and maintain the integrity of the bar. It also concluded that Costigan's actions reflected a serious lack of judgment, and that, although his prior disciplinary record was unblemished, he allowed himself to be manipulated by his clients into the commission of numerous unethical acts.

In light of Costigan's convictions, there is no question presented as to whether misconduct occurred. Pa.R.D.E. 214(e) states that a certificate of conviction serves as conclusive evidence of the commission of a crime in any disciplinary proceeding commenced against an attorney based upon the conviction. Further, there is no question that some form of discipline is warranted, for Pa.R.D.E. 203(b) establishes that conviction of a serious crime is in itself a basis for discipline. In pertinent part, Pa.R.D.E. 203(b) provides: "The following shall ... be grounds for discipline: (1) Conviction of a crime which under Enforcement Rule 214 (relating to attorneys convicted of crimes) may result in suspension." Hence, although pertinent Disciplinary Rules were certainly violated by Costigan's criminal conduct, see fn. 1 supra, a precise recitation of the Rules and determination of which of them were violated is unnecessary since the criminal convictions provide a per se basis for discipline. We must decide, therefore, only the extent of discipline that is warranted.

Although the certificate of conviction serves as conclusive proof of Costigan's guilt, it is nevertheless our duty to consider the facts which gave rise to the criminal charges in order to assess the impact of the conviction upon the measure of discipline to be imposed. Office of Disciplinary Counsel v. Eilberg, 497 Pa. 388, 391, 441 A.2d 1193, 1195 (1982). Permitting consideration of such facts does not, however, provide the equivalent of a second opportunity for acquittal. Id. Hence, we are not dissuaded from imposing discipline by the fact that Costigan continues to assert his innocence of the criminal charges.

Further, the standard of review vested in this Court in disciplinary matters is de novo; we are not bound by the findings of the hearing committee or the Board. Office of Disciplinary Counsel v. Braun, 520 Pa. 157, 161, 553 A.2d 894, 895 (1989). Nevertheless, we accord substantial deference to the findings and recommendations of the Board. Id. See also Office of Disciplinary Counsel v. Eilberg, 497 Pa. at 391, 441 A.2d at 1195 (Board's findings and recommendations are often persuasive, though they are of an advisory nature only). Having reviewed the record de novo, we make the following findings, which, it should be noted, substantially parallel the findings of the Board.

Costigan was admitted to practice law in this Commonwealth in 1957, and, until his suspension in 1984, was engaged in the private practice of law. He also served one term as Register of Wills in the City of Philadelphia during the 1970's.

In May of 1981, Steven Booras, alleged to be a drug dealer, loan shark, and organized crime figure, was murdered in a restaurant in Philadelphia. On May 31, 1981, Costigan was contacted by John Booras, a brother of the deceased mobster, concerning administration of the decedent's estate. John Booras had been referred by a local political functionary. The following day, Costigan met with John Booras and Chryais Fiammetta, the sister of John and Steven Booras. At this meeting, Fiammetta and Booras related that decedent had one other brother, Henry Booras. The siblings told Costigan that decedent had also had a son named Theodore, but that Theodore died years earlier. Fiammetta mentioned, however, that the undertaker arranging the decedent's funeral had received a phone call from someone claiming to be Theodore Booras.

John Booras brought to this meeting records revealing the decedent's interest in real estate in New Jersey and Philadelphia (owned in trust for John); a life insurance policy naming John as the beneficiary; and evidence of a bank account and two safe-deposit boxes that were all jointly owned by John and the decedent. Fiammetta revealed that she was the beneficiary of a bank certificate of deposit in the amount of $140,000 and three smaller certificates of deposit totaling $40,000. The parties told Costigan that they were certain that decedent had a will, but that they had conducted a search and were unable to locate it.

Costigan informed the parties that if Theodore Booras were alive, he would be the sole heir. He also told them that the contents of the house in Philadelphia where the decedent had resided with his brother, John Booras, were property of the estate.

On June 3, 1981, however, Fiammetta telephoned Costigan to inform him that John Booras had removed jewelry, a coin collection, and at least $200,000 in cash from the house in Philadelphia. Fiammetta stated that she had given this information to the F.B.I. and that she was going to provide it to the I.R.S. That same day, Costigan discovered that John Booras had removed some money from a safe-deposit box which he had jointly owned with the decedent at Provident Savings Bank. John Booras also attempted to remove cash, jewelry, and coins from a safe-deposit box which he had shared with the decedent at Philadelphia National Bank, but officials at that institution were aware of the death of Steven Booras and did not permit any property to be removed from the box. Officials at Philadelphia National Bank conducted a search to determine whether the safe-deposit box contained a will, but none was found.

The following day, June 4, 1981, Costigan met with John Booras, Fiammetta, and Henry Booras. John Booras brought a flight bag to this meeting, at Costigan's office, and the bag contained the money taken from the house. Costigan determined that the three siblings should serve as co-administrators of their brother's estate, inasmuch as there was substantial animosity between the family members. He also prepared a petition for letters of administration, listing the three siblings as co-administrators. The petition disclosed that the decedent had a son, Theodore Booras, who had not been seen in thirteen years and might be deceased. As assets of the estate, Costigan listed personal property in the amount of just $50,000 and no real property. Costigan claims that he planned to revise upwards the value of the property declared when an estate inventory was filed. After filing the petition for letters of administration, the parties returned to Costigan's office, at which time they counted and...