Orange County MIS Dept. v. Hak, 97-1870

• Decision Date: 22 April 1998
• Docket Number: No. 97-1870,97-1870
• Parties: 23 Fla. L. Weekly D1047 ORANGE COUNTY MIS DEPARTMENT and Johns Eastern Company, Inc., Appellants, v. Margaret L. HAK, Appellee.
• Court: Florida District Court of Appeals

Page 998

710 So.2d 998

23 Fla. L. Weekly D1047

ORANGE COUNTY MIS DEPARTMENT and Johns Eastern Company, Inc., Appellants, v. Margaret L. HAK, Appellee.

No. 97-1870.

District Court of Appeal of Florida,

First District.

April 22, 1998.

W. James Condry and Raymond L. Pott of Broussard, Condry & Morgan, Orlando, for Appellants.

Lawrence L. Lidfeldt, Maitland, for Appellee.

VAN NORTWICK, Judge.

In this workers' compensation case, Orange County MIS Department and Johns Eastern Company, Inc., the employer/carrier, appeal an order of the Judge of Compensation Claims (JCC) which found that claimant/appellee, Margaret L. Hak had suffered a compensable injury when she aggravated a pre-existing degenerative disc condition while running in the rain in high-heel shoes with documents clutched to her chest. The employer/carrier argues that the JCC erred in finding that the subject incident at claimant's workplace injury was the major contributing cause to the claimant's injury when the sole medical testimony is to the contrary. We agree and reverse.

Under the applicable statute, the claimant is required to show that the work performed in the course and scope of employment is "the major contributing cause" of the injury. See Hernando County School Board v. Dokoupil, 667 So.2d 275 (Fla. 1st DCA 1995). Section 440.02(32), Florida Statutes (Supp.1994), provides:

"Arising out of" pertains to occupational causation. An accidental death or injury arises out of employment if work performed in the course and scope of employment is the major contributing cause of the injury or death.

(Emphasis added). Similarly, section 440.09(1)(b), Florida Statutes (Supp.1994), provides If an injury arising out of and the course of employment combines with a preexisting disease or condition to cause or prolong disability or need for treatment, the employer must pay compensation or benefits ... only to the extent that the injury arising out of and in the course of employment is and remains the major contributing cause of the disability or need for treatment.

(Emphasis added). As this court has recognized, the 1994 amendments to the workers' compensation law changed the prior case law definition of "arising out of" as used in chapter 440. Vigliotti v. K-mart Corp., 680 So.2d 466, 468 (Fla. 1st DCA 1996). Prior to the enactment of the current statutory definition:

in the absence of an idiopathic or preexisting condition, a claimant's employment had to constitute only a contributing, competent, precipitating, or accelerating cause of the accident or injury. If the claimant had an idiopathic or a preexisting condition, then for the injury to be compensable, the employment had to expose the claimant to conditions that would substantially contribute to the risk of injury and to which the claimant would not normally be exposed during his nonemployment life.

Id. (citations omitted); see also Mangold v. Rainforest Golf Sports Center, 675 So.2d 639, 641-642 (Fla. 1st DCA 1996).

Significantly, sections 440.09(1) and 440.02(32) use the definite article "the," and not "a," before the term "major contributing cause." By such usage, the legislature is recognizing that there may be numerous contributing causes leading to an injury or disability, but that the claimant must establish that the employment occurrence...