Pandora Industries, Inc. v. State Dept. of Revenue Administration
| Decision Date | 29 December 1978 |
| Docket Number | No. 78-052,78-052 |
| Parties | PANDORA INDUSTRIES, INC. v. STATE of New Hampshire DEPARTMENT OF REVENUE ADMINISTRATION. |
| Court | New Hampshire Supreme Court |
McLane, Graf, Greene, Raulerson & Middleton P.A., Manchester (James C. Hood, Manchester, orally), for plaintiff.
Thomas D. Rath, Atty. Gen., and Wilbur A. Glahn, III, Asst. Atty. Gen., for the State.
This is an appeal pursuant to RSA 77-A:14 (Supp.1977) from a decision of the Commissioner of the Department of Revenue Administration. The issue presented is whether a multistate business organization with its principal place of business in New Hampshire may include commissions paid by it to independent nonemployee salesmen in the calculation of its "payroll factor" under the allocation formula set forth in RSA 77-A:3 (Supp.1977). For the reasons that follow we hold that it may not.
This case arose as a result of a ruling made by the commissioner during a hearing held pursuant to RSA 77-A:13 at which the plaintiff, Pandora Industries, Inc. (Pandora), challenged an audit determination made by the department's division of audits concerning Pandora's 1972, 1973, and 1974 business profits tax returns. The commissioner ruled that in computing the appropriate "payroll factor", RSA 77-A:3 II (Supp.1977), Pandora could not include commissions paid by it to independent contractors. Pandora appealed the commissioner's ruling to the superior court, and, after submission of an agreed statement of facts, the Court (Flynn, J.) transferred without ruling all questions of law.
Pandora is a New Hampshire business corporation with its principal place of business in Manchester and is subject to the business profits tax. RSA ch. 77-A as amended (Supp.1977). It manufactures knitted garments and sells them in New Hampshire and throughout the country. Although Pandora maintains a sales office in New York, its sales representatives are not employees of Pandora; rather, they are independent contractors over whom Pandora exercises no specific direction or control. These sales representatives are not paid a salary, but are instead paid a flat commission rate calculated on the gross income generated by the amount of merchandise they sell.
The sales representatives operate independently in various States, soliciting orders for Pandora's goods. Those orders are sent either to the New York office or to New Hampshire, and the goods are then shipped directly to the customer. During the three years in question, approximately ninety percent of the sales were the result of the actions of the independent contractors.
Pandora is entitled to apportion its revenues between New Hampshire and the other States for the purpose of measuring the business profit attributable to and subject to taxation in New Hampshire. RSA 77-A:3 (Supp.1977). Apportionment in most cases is to be made pursuant to a three-factor formula set forth in RSA 77-A:3 (Supp.1977), which in part reads:
Except as hereinafter provided, such apportionment shall be made on the basis of the following three factors, equal weight to be given to each:
I. The percentage of value of the total real and tangible personal property employed by the business organization everywhere as is employed by it in the operation of its business within this state;
II. The percentage of the total wages, salaries, commissions and bonuses disbursed by the business organization to employees and salesmen everywhere as is disbursed by it for services rendered within this state. . . .
III. The percentage of the total sales (including charges for services) made by the business organization everywhere as is made by it within this state. . . .
In each of the tax years 1972, 1973, and 1974, Pandora filed business profits tax returns with the department. In computing the tax due, Pandora included in both the numerator and denominator of the payroll factor, the dollar amount of commissions paid to the independent contractors. Because most of the contractors were outside the State, the inclusion of the commissions effected a decrease in both the percentage of payroll attributable to New Hampshire and the gross business profit attributable to the State.
RSA 77-A:3 (Supp.1977) allows certain business organizations to allocate their gross business profits between New Hampshire and elsewhere by means of a three-factor allocation formula. One of those factors, the payroll factor, is defined in pertinent part as "(t)he percentage of the total wages, salaries, commissions and bonuses disbursed by the business organization to employees and salesmen everywhere as is disbursed by it for services rendered within this state." RSA 77-A:3 II (Supp.1977). The question we must answer is what the legislature meant when it used the phrase "wages, salaries, commissions and bonuses disbursed by the business organization to employees and salesmen."
As the parties point out, this is a case of first impression for this court and also one where the legislative history is particularly barren. We...
To continue reading
Request your trial
-
In re Poulicakos
..."found to be compensable by ... the commissioner of labor," in RSA 100–A:6, II(c)(2)(C). See Pandora Indus., Inc. v. State Dep't of Revenue Ad., 118 N.H. 891, 894, 395 A.2d 1241 (1978). That language itself does not indicate whether the finding must be final or, as argued by the petitioner,......
-
Bourqet v. Hillsborough Cnty. 4H Found., Inc.
...and can only act through their agents, employees, or (as is the case here), their volunteers. See, e.g., Pandora Indus. v. State Dep't of Revenue Admin., 118 N.H. 891, 895 (1978); State v. Wentworth, 118 N.H. 832, 840 (1978). Consequently, Bourget's claims necessarily rest on the unavoidabl......