Partido Nuevo Progresista v. Perez

• Decision Date: 31 December 1980
• Docket Number: No. 80-8094,80-8094
• Citation: 639 F.2d 825
• Parties: PARTIDO NUEVO PROGRESISTA et al., Plaintiffs, Appellees, v. Gerineldo BARRETO PEREZ, Administrator, Puerto Rico Elections Commission, Defendant, Appellee, Partido Popular Democratico, Intervenor, Appellant. Misc.
• Court: U.S. Court of Appeals — First Circuit

Page 825

639 F.2d 825

PARTIDO NUEVO PROGRESISTA et al., Plaintiffs, Appellees, v. Gerineldo BARRETO PEREZ, Administrator, Puerto Rico Elections Commission, Defendant, Appellee Partido Popular Democratico, Intervenor, Appellant.

Misc. No. 80-8094.

United States Court of Appeals First Circuit.

Argued Dec. 31, 1980.

Decided Dec. 31, 1980.

Lino J. Saldana, San Juan, P.R., with whom Rafael Escalera Rodriguez, Rio Piedras, P.R., was on brief for appellant.

Hector M. Laffite, San Juan, P.R., for Partido Nuevo Progresista, appellee.

Miguel A. Pagan, San Juan, P.R., for Gerineldo Barreto Perez, Administrator, etc., appellee.

Before CAMPBELL, BOWNES and BREYER, Circuit Judges.

PER CURIAM.

Hearing has been held upon the motion of intervenor-appellant, Partido Popular Democratico, for a stay of, and expedited appeal from, the district court's order in litigation involving a constitutional challenge to the tallying of ballots cast for local offices in the Puerto Rico general election of November 4, 1980.

The plaintiff-appellee ¹ is the Partido Nuevo Progresista (PNP) which alleges that counting the ballots will tip the balance against its candidates in one or more closely contested races. The PNP maintains that the ballots were improperly marked and therefore invalid under the literal terms of Article 1.033(b) of the Electoral Law of Puerto Rico, 16 L.P.R.A. § 3033(b), which provides in relevant part:

"If the handwritten ballot is used, (the Electoral Commission) must guarantee that the elector may vote by making any affirmative mark in the space under the printed insignia or device of the party, or within the square in which a candidate's name appears. Any mark placed outside of said space or square shall be null and void, and deemed unmarked." (Emphasis added.)

In the present case, the disputed ballots contained marks outside the designated spaces and squares. Most such marks were evidently placed directly above the list of candidates of the Partido Popular Democratico, the only major party with space above its ballot heading for such mismarks.

The Administrator of the Election Commission ruled the ballots invalid, a decision upheld on appeal by the Commonwealth's Electoral Review Board. The Supreme Court of Puerto Rico reversed. Popular Democratic Party v. State Elections Commission, No. 0-80-646, 108 D.P.R. (Dec. 2, 1980). That court construed 16 L.P.R.A. § 3033(b), despite its literal prohibition of the tallying of mismarked ballots, to permit such tallying where the intent of the voter was clear.

Such a construction of local law by the highest court of the Commonwealth might seem to have ended the matter. The PNP, however, subsequently brought this action pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983, claiming constitutional violations in several particulars: ²

"Insofar as the ballots at issue have a blank space above the columns of two parties, Partido Popular Democratico (PPD) and Partido Socialista Puertorriqueno (PSP), as described in Exhibits 'A' and 'B' hereto, and insofar as said ballots provide no such blank space above the columns of the remaining two parties (as well as above the write-in column), but rather have space fully occupied by printed matter, then the validation of any marks placed on such blank spaces would de facto grant a privilege to the parties under said blank spaces, thereby depriving plaintiffs of their Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments right to enjoy the equal protection of the laws.

"The ballots have been cast and the election is over. Prior thereto, both the statute, 16 L.P.R.A. 3033(b), and the Manual of Procedure for the Election, widely published, contained an express representation and warranty to plaintiffs and to the electorate in general, that the ballots at issue (Exhibits A and B hereto) would be rendered null and void. Defendant cannot change such rule of law retroactively, and, if he does, it would violate plaintiffs' right not to be deprived of their liberty and First Amendment rights without procedural and substantive due process of law."

The district court, relying on this court's opinion in Griffin v. Burns, 570 F.2d 1065 (1st Cir. 1978), held for the PNP, saying,

"In our opinion the lesson to be learned from Griffin is, that changing the rules of the game after it has been played and the score is known, violates fundamental rules of fair play. Such action gives the appearance of, as well as is, actual unfairness and consequently violates due process of law. The counting of ballots after an election which, under the rules prevalent at the time of the vote-casting were considered void and invalid, is the practical and functional equivalent of alteration of ballots or of stuffing the ballotbox, because as in those cases, it amounts to the counting of legally inexistent votes. Cf. United States v. Classic, 313 U.S. 299, 315 (61 S.Ct. 1031, 85 L.Ed.2d 1368) (1941). It thus brings about the dilution and debasement of the validly cast votes.

"Given the circumstances of this case, we are of the opinion that substantial Federal constitutional rights of Plaintiff NPP have been affected, which considering the lack of an adequate remedy at law and the irreparable nature of the injury to be suffered, entitle this party to equitable relief before this Court. Common sense and justice dictate this outcome."

The court...