Patrick v. Hardisty

• Decision Date: 08 November 1984
• Docket Number: No. 83-1146.,83-1146.
• Citation: 483 A.2d 692
• Parties: John T. PATRICK, Appellant, v. Walter HARDISTY, Appellee.
• Court: D.C. Court of Appeals

483 A.2d 692

John T. PATRICK, Appellant, v. Walter HARDISTY, Appellee.

No. 83-1146.

District of Columbia Court of Appeals.

Argued October 2, 1984.

Decided November 8, 1984.

Henry Lincoln Johnson, Jr., Washington, D.C., for appellant.

Philip M. Musolino, Washington, D.C., for appellee.

Before PRYOR, Chief Judge, NEBEKER, Associate Judge, and PAIR, Associate Judge, Retired.

PRYOR, Chief Judge:

In this case involving a complaint for possession of property, appellant John T. Patrick (Patrick) asserts that the grant of summary judgment in favor of appellee Walter Hardisty (Hardisty) was error because of genuine issues of material fact in dispute between the parties. In addition, appellant contends that the motion which formed the basis for the court's ruling was untimely, see Super.Ct.Civ.R. 12-1(n), and likewise was precluded by the denial of an earlier motion, which it is urged, constituted the "law of the case."¹ Appellee contends that even if all facts are taken in the light most favorable to appellant, he still is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. Because we find that issues of material fact that could determine the rights of the parties remain in dispute, we reverse and remand.

The factual and procedural background of this case is complex. For this reason, and because resolution of this case requires determination of whether there are outstanding issues of material fact in dispute, we set forth the details of the real estate transaction and procedural steps in the trial court underlying this appeal.

I

On December 1, 1964, Marvin Patrick, appellant's deceased brother, and Walter Hardisty, entered into a contract for the sale of improved real estate located at 1250 Eighth Street, N.W., Washington, D.C., which was owned by Hardisty. The contract called for a purchase price of $10,500, with $500 paid on execution of the contract. An additional $500 was payable in "cash at the date of conveyance" and the remaining $9,500 was secured by a deferred purchase money note at 6% interest held by the seller. The terms of the note, dated January 1, 1965, called for payment by purchaser of $90 per month, with the balance due in full on January 1, 1968.² The December 1 agreement also provided, "This contract is void except that a clear deed will be available to the purchaser within twelve months, or that all money will be refunded." In addition, the contract provided that all terms of the agreement were to be binding on the "heirs, executors, administrators or assigns" of the parties.

Marvin Patrick did not obtain a clear deed to the property within twelve months of December 1, 1964.³ He did make regular payments of $90 per month on the note during the years 1965 through 1968. However, no final payment of the balance due was made on or before January 1, 1968, as required under the terms of the sales contract and note. Nevertheless, Marvin Patrick remained in possession and continued to tender payments of roughly $90 per month until July 1, 1968. Hardisty accepted these payments and credited them against the balance due on the note. On September 2, 1968, Marvin Patrick died, having made approximately twenty-eight separate payments in varying amounts totalling $3,790. According to the owner's records, this left a balance due on the note of $8,299.

At this point, Marvin Patrick's brother, appellant John Patrick, entered the transaction. The record does not indicate a precise legal relationship between John Patrick and Walter Hardisty, but it is undisputed that John Patrick assumed possession of the property soon after his brother's death. On May 1, 1971, Patrick and Hardisty orally agreed that Patrick would tender an initial $180, followed by payments of $180 per month pursuant to a new sales contract and note in the amount of $10,399.50.⁴ A final payment of the balance remaining on the note would be due in five years.⁵ On May 31, 1971, Hardisty sent Patrick copies of the sales contract and note for execution and return.⁶

Patrick's record of payments under the note was sporadic. On July 8, 1971, August 24, 1971, May 21, 1972, March 3, 1973, and September 28, 1973, Hardisty wrote Patrick concerning late or missed payments, or checks returned for insufficient funds. According to the ledger sheet maintained by Hardisty, the last payment made by Patrick was on June 17, 1974, in the amount of $180.⁷

The precise course the relationship between Patrick and Hardisty took at this point is hotly disputed. Patrick claims that at a time prior to initiation of the present possessory action, he and Hardisty entered into an oral agreement that supplanted their arrangement under the contract and note. The agreement between Patrick and Hardisty, Patrick claims, contemplated eventual purchase of the property by the Redevelopment Land Agency (RLA). Patrick alleges that under this agreement, payments on the note were suspended and he was required instead, "to make certain repairs and to keep the house in habitable condition." In return for these actions, Hardisty purportedly agreed that "no action would be taken until such time as the RLA would move to condemn the property," and that Patrick would receive the balance of all monies paid on condemnation in excess of "the balance owing on the note signed by M. Patrick." Hardisty strongly denies that any such agreement ever occurred. Nevertheless, Patrick was allowed to remain in possession following June 17, 1974, without tendering any payments under the note or otherwise⁸

The property was never condemned by the RLA. Hardisty made no attempt to oust Patrick until July 20, 1979, when he instituted the present action to recover possession.

Hardisty commenced the present action on July 20, 1979, by filing a complaint for possession in the Landlord and Tenant Branch of Superior Court. In his Complaint for Possession, appellee characterized appellant as a "tenant at sufferance/trespasser," and offered the following grounds for seeking possession:

Failure to quit after expiration of notice to quit and vacate . . . . Defendant, or Defendant's successor have never paid any rent to the plaintiff, but continue to reside in the property. Plaintiff wishes possession.[⁹]

On September 6, 1979, Hardisty moved for summary judgment.

Patrick filed an opposition to the motion for summary judgment on the complaint for possession on September 11, 1979. Appellant based his opposition to the summary judgment motion on his right to continued possession under the oral agreement with Hardisty:

1. That pursuant to an agreement with the noteholder, he has spent in excess of five thousand ($5,000.00) dollars in making improvements to the property in 1974 and since.

2. That it was understood and agreed that no action would be taken until such time as R.L.A. would move to condemn the property.

Despite the fact that Patrick was asserting a right to continued possession of the property as a defense to the summary judgment motion on the possessory action, the trial court determined that these allegations constituted a "Plea of Title" under Super.Ct. L & T R. 5(c). Consequently, on March 4, 1980, the judge denied the summary judgment motion, gave Patrick until March 17, 1980 to file a Plea of Title under Super.Ct. L & T R. 5(c), and certified the case to the Civil Division for trial on an expedited basis.¹⁰

Although captioned as an "Answer and Plea of Title," appellant's pleading, filed on March 13, 1980, contained allegations supporting both a right to possession and a right to title. In the Plea of Title, appellant asserted rights to the property under both assumption of his brother's obligations under the January 1, 1965 note, and performance of the subsequent oral agreement to make repairs on the property in exchange for continued possession and a split of the proceeds when the property was sold to the RLA.¹¹ Appellant defended his right to possession noting that his "right to the property was never challenged until the present action." In his prayer for relief, Patrick requested that "Hardisty be compelled to convey the property in accordance with his contract," and that the court declare "the heirs of Marvin A. Patrick the equitable owners of the subject property."

Because Patrick's response to Hardisty's initial complaint for possession was characterized as a plea of title, and his next pleading was captioned "Plea of Title," all subsequent argument and consideration in the case concerned the claim of title and not the right to possession. On February 23, 1982, appellee again moved for summary judgment contending that Patrick had no claim to title under an assumption of his brother's agreement, and that any oral agreement, assumed to exist arguendo, was "invalid, void, null and unenforceable as a matter of law." This motion was granted.

II

Summary judgment may be granted in an action "if the pleadings, depositions, answers to interrogatories, and admissions on file, together with the affidavits . . . show that there is no issue of material fact and that the moving party is entitled to a judgment as a matter of law. Super.Ct.Civ.R. 56(c); Burch v. Amsterdam Corp., 366 A.2d 1079, 1083-84 (D.C. 1976). The party moving for summary judgment bears the burden of demonstrating the absence of any factual issue. Nader v. de Toledano, 408 A.2d 31, 42 (D.C. 1979), cert. denied, 444 U.S. 1078, 100 S.Ct. 1028, 62 L.Ed.2d 761 (1980); Burch v. Amsterdam Corp., supra, 366 A.2d at 1084.

To survive a motion for summary judgment, "the opposing party need only show that there is sufficient evidence supporting the claimed factual dispute to require a jury or judge to resolve the parties' differing versions of truth at trial." International Underwriters, Inc. v. Boyle, 365 A.2d 779, 782 (D.C.1976). Thus, the court's role is not to resolve any fact issues, but rather "merely to see if `the record . . . demonstrate[s] that there is no issue of fact from which a jury could find' for the non-moving party." Nader v....