Patterson v. Loewenstein

• Decision Date: 22 January 1997
• Docket Number: No. 95-4316,95-4316
• Citation: 686 So.2d 776
• Parties: 22 Fla. L. Weekly D248 Harry PATTERSON, Appellant, v. Howard LOEWENSTEIN, Appellee.
• Court: Florida District Court of Appeals

Page 776

686 So.2d 776

22 Fla. L. Weekly D248

Harry PATTERSON, Appellant, v.Howard LOEWENSTEIN, Appellee.

No. 95-4316.

District Court of Appeal of Florida Fourth District.

Jan. 22, 1997.

Thomas A. Conrad of Heller & Conrad, P.A., Hollywood, for appellant.

Burney J. Carter of Burney J. Carter, P.A., Sebastian, for appellee.

WARNER, Judge.

The plaintiff/appellee filed a complaint within days before the statute of limitations expired.Because the appellee's attorney determined that additional investigation was necessary to determine whether appellee's claim was viable, he did not attempt to have the complaint served on appellant.The 120-day time for service under Florida Rule of Civil Procedure 1.070(i) ran without a motion for extension.Upon a hearing on the appellant's motion to dismiss for failure to serve the complaint within 120 days, ¹ the attorney asserted as good cause for his failure to serve the complaint his need to investigate the cause of action further, which was hampered by the failure of medical witnesses to respond to inquiries.The trial court denied the motion to dismiss.We reverse.

In the instant case, the record does not reflect any efforts to serve the defendant during the 120-day period provided for by the rule.Instead, the plaintiff's attorney intentionally delayed service while he investigated the case.

In Morales v. Sperry Rand Corp., 578 So.2d 1143(Fla. 4th DCA1991), approved, 601 So.2d 538(Fla.1992), this court noted that Florida Rule of Civil Procedure 1.070(i) is patterned after former Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 4(j).²This court quoted Lovelace v. Acme Markets, Inc., 820 F.2d 81(3d Cir.), cert. denied, 484 U.S. 965, 108 S.Ct. 455, 98 L.Ed.2d 395(1987):

The 120-day limit to effect service of process, established by Fed.R.Civ.P. 4(j) is to be strictly applied, and if service of the summons and the complaint is not made in time and the plaintiff fails to demonstrate good cause for the delay "the court must dismiss the action as to the unserved defendant."

... Legislative history provides only one example where an extension for good cause would be permissible--specifically when the defendant intentionally evades service of process.

"Half-hearted" efforts by counsel to effect service of process prior to the deadline do not necessarily excuse a delay, even when dismissal results in the plaintiff's case being time-barred due to the fact that the statute of limitations on the plaintiff's cause of action has run.(emphasis in original, citations omitted)

Morales, 578 So.2d at 1145.We also cited Wei v. Hawaii, 763 F.2d 370(9th Cir.1985), in which the court held that a plaintiff's desire to amend his complaint prior to its service was not good cause for failure to serve the complaint within the 120-day time limit.Similarly, plaintiff's desire to investigate his case further prior to service is not good cause to delay service.

Even if it were, the plaintiff would have to show diligent efforts to investigate the case during the 120-day period, seeGitz v. St. Tammany Parish Hosp., 125 F.R.D. 138(E.D.La.1989), and an effort to serve the defendant within that time, or at least a motion for an extension of time prior to the expiration of the 120-day period.SeeHodges v. Noel, 675 So.2d 248(Fla. 4th DCA1996).There is nothing in the record to show any attempt at service or at obtaining an extension of time for service until well past the expiration of the 120-day time period."Good cause" for failure to serve must require some showing as to why service could not be made within the 120-day period.Thus, the good cause cited must explain an inability to make service, not why the plaintiff or plaintiff's attorney intentionally elected not to make service.

Because the record does not demonstrate good cause for the failure to serve the defendant within the 120-day time period of Rule 1.070(i), the trial court erred in denying the motion to dismiss.

Reversed and remanded with directions to enter order dismissing the action against appellant.

STEVENSON, J., concurs.

PARIENTE, J., concurs specially with opinion.

PARIENTE, Judge, concurring specially.

I concur in the reversal because the record in this case does not demonstrate good cause for intentionally delaying service.However, I disagree with this court's announcement of a hard-and-fast rule that good cause can only arise where there have been attempts...