Payne v. Twiggs County School Dist.

• Court: Georgia Court of Appeals
• Writing for the Court: POPE, Presiding.
• Citation: Payne v. Twiggs County School Dist., 501 S.E.2d 550, 232 Ga.App. 175 (Ga. App. 1998)
• Decision Date: 13 April 1998
• Docket Number: No. A98A0340.,A98A0340.
• Parties: PAYNE v. TWIGGS COUNTY SCHOOL DISTRICT et al.

501 S.E.2d 550

232 Ga. App. 175

PAYNE v. TWIGGS COUNTY SCHOOL DISTRICT et al.

No. A98A0340.

Court of Appeals of Georgia.

April 13, 1998.

Lane & Jarriel, Thomas F. Jarriel, Macon, for appellant.

Chambers, Mabry, McClelland & Brooks, Lawrence J. Hogan, Lawrenceville, Beth S. Reeves, Arnold Wright, Jr., Atlanta, James G. Maddox, Jeffersonville, for appellees.

POPE, Presiding Judge.

Natasha Payne, a student at Twiggs County Comprehensive Middle/High School, was cut in the face by another student, Andrea Smith, during a fight on the school bus in May 1993. Payne sued the Twiggs County School District, assistant principal James Basley, and bus driver Ernestine Bowden. Payne claimed Basley and Bowden knew Smith regularly carried a knife on school property and had threatened Payne with the knife but failed to protect Payne by enforcing the rules prohibiting students from carrying weapons on school property. The trial court granted summary judgment to the school district based on sovereign immunity and to Basley and Bowden based on official immunity. We affirm that judgment.

1. "The school district correctly claims it is entitled to sovereign immunity from [Payne's] suit. The 1991 amendment to Ga. Const. of 1983, Art. I, Sec. II, Par. IX extending sovereign immunity `to the state and all of its departments and agencies' includes county-wide school districts. This sovereign immunity `can only be waived by an Act of the General Assembly which specifically provides that sovereign immunity is thereby waived and the extent of such waiver.'" (Citations and punctuation omitted.) Rawls v. Bulloch County School Dist., 223 Ga.App. 234, 235, 477 S.E.2d 383 (1996).

Although Payne claims that OCGA § 20-2-1090 is such an "Act of the General Assembly" which specifically waives sovereign immunity, the Supreme Court has already ruled against Payne on this issue. In a companion case Payne brought against Twiggs County in federal court, the Supreme Court answered a certified question from the federal court of appeals and held that this statute does not apply to these facts. "When a student riding on a school bus suffers an injury that is not proximately caused by an accident or collision in which the bus is involved, such as when the student is injured due to an attack made by a fellow student, OCGA § 20-2-1090 is inapplicable." Payne v. Twiggs County School Dist., 269 Ga. 361, 362(1), 496 S.E.2d 690 (1998).¹ See also Rawls, 223 Ga.App. at 235-236, 477 S.E.2d 383; Coffee County School Dist. v. Snipes, 216 Ga.App. 293, 294-296, 454 S.E.2d 149 (1995). Compare Coffee County School District v. King, 229 Ga.App. 143, 493 S.E.2d 563 (1997), which involved a child injured during a collision between the school bus and another vehicle.

2. Payne also contends that Basley and Bowden were not entitled to official immunity because their actions were ministerial rather than discretionary. As the Supreme Court explained in Gilbert v. Richardson, 264 Ga. 744, 452 S.E.2d 476 (1994), the 1991 constitutional amendment "provides no immunity for ministerial acts negligently performed.... It, however, does provide immunity for the negligent performance of discretionary acts.... This interpretation comports with the purpose of providing immunity from personal liability to government employees who work in positions where they make policy or exercise discretion." Id. at 753, 452 S.E.2d 476. Payne argues that Basley and Bowden knew Smith had threatened Payne with a knife but negligently failed to carry out the "ministerial" act of enforcing the school's weapons policy.²

Construed in Payne's favor, the evidence shows Smith and Payne were involved in an altercation on the bus in April 1993, several weeks before the incident in which Payne was cut. Because bus driver Bowden reported Payne and two other girls for causing a disturbance on the bus, assistant principal Basley interviewed Payne in his office. Payne told him that the incident occurred because Smith had threatened her, had said she was going to "get" Payne and "mess [her] up," and had a knife. Payne also told Basley and Bowden that Smith had, a few weeks earlier, used her knife to cut the seats on the bus. After Payne reported Smith's wrongdoing, neither Basley nor Bowden took disciplinary action against Smith even though the school district's written policy recommended "expulsion" as the sanction against students who brought weapons on campus. Nevertheless, over the next three to four weeks, Payne experienced no further threats, did not see Smith with the knife, and testified that she did not regard Smith's threats as a "big deal." On a bus ride home from school in early May, however, Smith attacked Payne with the knife she carried and cut her face severely.

These facts do not show that Basley or Bowden negligently carried out or failed to carry out a "ministerial duty." We have faced this question numerous times and have consistently held that the task of school officials "to monitor, supervise, and control students is a discretionary action protected by the doctrine of official immunity." Kelly v. Lewis, 221 Ga.App. 506, 508, 471 S.E.2d 583 (1996) (school official failed to enforce rules governing supervision of arriving students). See also Perkins v. Morgan County School Dist., 222 Ga.App. 831, 835(2), 476 S.E.2d 592 (1996) (failure to enforce policy governing early dismissal of students); Wright v. Ashe, 220 Ga.App. 91, 93-94, 469 S.E.2d...