People v. Blackmon, Docket No. 78-3940

• Citation: 291 N.W.2d 82,95 Mich.App. 462
• Decision Date: 20 February 1980
• Docket Number: Docket No. 78-3940
• Parties: PEOPLE of the State of Michigan, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Aaron Tyrone BLACKMON, Defendant-Appellant. 95 Mich.App. 462, 291 N.W.2d 82
• Court: Court of Appeal of Michigan (US)

Page 82

291 N.W.2d 82

PEOPLE of the State of Michigan, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Aaron Tyrone BLACKMON, Defendant-Appellant.

Docket No. 78-3940.

95 Mich.App. 462, 291 N.W.2d 82

Court of Appeals of Michigan.

Feb. 20, 1980.

Rehearing Denied April 24, 1980.

Released for Publication April 30, 1980.

[95 MICHAPP 463] Carl Ziemba, Detroit, for defendant-appellant.

[95 MICHAPP 462] Frank J. Kelley, Atty. Gen., Robert A. Derengoski, Sol. Gen., William L. Cahalan, Pros. Atty., E. Reilly Wilson, Appellate Chief Asst. Pros. [95 MICHAPP 463] Atty., for plaintiff-appellee.

Before CAVANAGH, P. J., and KELLY and DeWITT, ^* JJ.

DeWITT, Judge.

On July 19, 1978, defendant, Aaron Tyrone Blackmon, was found guilty, in a bench trial, of assault with intent to do great bodily harm less than murder, M.C.L. § 750.84; M.S.A. § 28.279, and possession of a firearm in the commission of a felony (felony-firearm), M.C.L. § 750.227b; M.S.A. § 28.424(2). Defendant was sentenced on August 3, 1978, to a term of imprisonment for 5 to 10 years on the assault conviction, to be served consecutively with a 2-year mandatory term of imprisonment on the felony-firearm conviction. Defendant appeals as of right and raises the issue of whether his waiver of trial by jury was valid and binding.

Michigan law specifies the circumstances under which a defendant may effectively waive his right to a jury trial. M.C.L. § 763.3; M.S.A. § 28.856. The waiver must be in a writing, signed by the defendant, and must be made a part of the record of defendant's case. In addition, defendant's waiver "must be made in open court after the said defendant has been arraigned and has had opportunity to consult with counsel". M.C.L. § 763.3; M.S.A. § 28.856.

An examination of the lower court file indicates that the defendant executed a written "Waiver of Trial By Jury" form on the same date on which defendant's trial commenced, July 18, 1978. The transcript of the trial proceedings further discloses [95 MICHAPP 464] that the following exchange ensued between the court and defendant's counsel, Ira H. Harris:

"THE COURT: Have you filed a written waiver?

"MR. HARRIS: Yes, your Honor.

"THE COURT: That firearm count is on this case?

"MR. HARRIS: Yes, your Honor.

"THE COURT: All right, because I don't know anything about this case and that's the way it should be.

"MR. HARRIS: Very well.

"THE COURT: But I'm always concerned about that firearm count. This case has been pretrialed and everything, you tried to work out anything?

"MR. HARRIS: People offered no reduced plea.

"THE COURT: All right. Are you ready to proceed?

"MR. PEARL: Yes, your Honor.

"THE COURT: You make your opening statement."

The question before this Court is whether the statutory requirement of a waiver "made in open court" is met by evidence on the record that a written waiver was executed by the defendant on the date of trial and was referred to by defense counsel as filed in response to the court's inquiry in that regard. We hold that the above facts do not constitute sufficient compliance with the statutory direction.

In People v. McKaig, 89 Mich.App. 746, 282 N.W.2d 209 (1979), two members of a panel of this Court recently stated the rule that a valid waiver does not require an oral acknowledgment where it is apparent that the waiver was made in open court. Id. 750, 282 N.W.2d 209. We agree with the McKaig rule as a general proposition but disagree with that Court's conclusion that it is applicable to cases where the record shows merely that a written waiver was executed on the date of defendant's trial. Here, as in McKaig, defendant was represented by an attorney[95 MICHAPP 465] and made no claim that "he did not sign the waiver in open court". Id. We are unsatisfied, however, that these facts rise to the level of an acknowledgment in open court of a waiver of the fundamental right to jury trial. Acknowledgment before a deputy clerk of the court, which is the...